Holder Helen
University of Central England, Birmingham.
Br J Nurs. 2003;12(11):667-8, 670, 672-4. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2003.12.11.11316.
Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with cancer. This can have deleterious effects including reduced response to treatment, diminished quality of life, increased length of hospital stay and decreased survival. It is, therefore, imperative that thorough nutritional screening is carried out by nurses on patients' admission and during their hospital stay to detect those who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition in order to plan their nutritional care effectively. Cancer cachexia is the progressive weight loss and emaciation seen in cancer patients, particularly in advanced disease, which can have a devastating effect on the physical, psychological, social and spiritual aspects of the patient's life. Therefore, the aims of nutritional care are identified depending on the stage of the patient's illness and recommendations made for nursing, pharmacological and nutritional intervention. These include nursing comfort strategies, the use of recommended pharmacological agents and dietary interventions such as experimenting with different foods, textures, portion sizes and nutritional supplements. The use of fish oil-enhanced nutritional supplements and artificial nutritional support is also discussed. Consideration is also given to the legal and ethical aspects of providing nutrition and nutritional support.
营养不良在癌症患者中很普遍。这可能会产生有害影响，包括对治疗的反应降低、生活质量下降、住院时间延长和生存率降低。因此，护士在患者入院时和住院期间进行全面的营养筛查至关重要，以便发现那些营养不良或有营养不良风险的患者，从而有效地规划他们的营养护理。癌症恶病质是癌症患者，尤其是晚期患者出现的进行性体重减轻和消瘦，这可能会对患者生活的身体、心理、社会和精神方面产生毁灭性影响。因此，根据患者的疾病阶段确定营养护理的目标，并针对护理、药物和营养干预提出建议。这些措施包括护理舒适策略、使用推荐的药物制剂以及饮食干预，如尝试不同的食物、质地、份量和营养补充剂。还讨论了使用富含鱼油的营养补充剂和人工营养支持。同时也考虑了提供营养和营养支持的法律和伦理方面。
