Dornier Lanie A, Meaney Karen S
Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Jun;96(3 Pt 1):854-60. doi: 10.2466/pms.2003.96.3.854.
Research on adult populations has shown individuals are faster at processing information, i.e., have faster reaction times, from compatible as compared to incompatible assignments. Additionally, research has shown that reaction times decrease when advanced information, i.e., a precue, is provided to the subject. The present study examined whether children would exhibit results similar to those of adults. Subjects were 18 fourth graders (M age 9 yr.) who responded to compatible and incompatible assignments across four precue intervals (0-no precue, 1500, 3000, and 4500 msec.) Analysis of the data indicated that similar to adults, children had faster reaction times to compatible (667 msec., SD=176) than to incompatible assignments (798 msec., SD=218). Results also indicated that as the precue interval increased, reaction times decreased (885, 711, 679, and 660 msec. for the 0-no precue, 1500-, 3000-, and 4500-msec intervals, respectively). These findings suggest that children exhibit typical compatibility effects and are capable of processing advanced information to enhance motor performance.
针对成年人群体的研究表明，与不相容任务相比，个体在处理相容任务的信息时速度更快，即反应时间更短。此外，研究表明，当向受试者提供提前信息（即预提示）时，反应时间会缩短。本研究考察了儿童是否会表现出与成年人相似的结果。研究对象为18名四年级学生（平均年龄9岁），他们在四个预提示间隔（0 - 无预提示、1500、3000和4500毫秒）下对相容和不相容任务做出反应。数据分析表明，与成年人相似，儿童对相容任务的反应时间（667毫秒，标准差 = 176）比对不相容任务的反应时间（798毫秒，标准差 = 218）更快。结果还表明，随着预提示间隔的增加，反应时间缩短（无预提示、1500毫秒、3000毫秒和4500毫秒间隔下的反应时间分别为885、711、679和660毫秒）。这些发现表明，儿童表现出典型的相容性效应，并且能够处理提前信息以提高运动表现。
