Ultrasonography of the normal and abnormal antenatal development of the upper limb.

The degree of severity of congenital deformities of the hand, as well as any coexisting congenital anomaly should be evaluated especially if there is a possibility of therapeutic termination of pregnancy. This may be relatively easy in the case of some major malformations which affect the neurological or intellectual capacity of the child. It is however more difficult in the presence of predominantly motor anomalies, and with distally based anomalies of the upper limb which may be amenable to later reconstructive surgery.