Söderpalm Anna, Nikolayev Lilia, de Wit Harriet
Department of Psychiatry, MC3077, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Nov;170(2):188-99. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1536-5. Epub 2003 Jul 4.
Studies with laboratory animals indicate that acute stress can modify both the direct effects of drugs of abuse and the tendency to self-administer drugs. Similarly, stress may also alter the acute subjective effects of drugs or the tendency to seek and consume drugs in humans.
This laboratory-based study was designed to determine whether an acute social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) alters subjective responses to a low oral dose of methamphetamine (METH; 10 mg) in humans.
The study utilized a mixed within- and between-subjects design. Healthy young men ( n=28) participated in two sessions, one with stress and the other without. They were randomly assigned to two groups who received either METH ( n=16) or placebo ( n=12) on both sessions. On each session, subjects underwent the TSST or no TSST, and then ingested a beverage containing drug (10 mg METH) or placebo (PLAC). Over the next 1.5 h various self-reported mood measures and physiological measures, including salivary cortisol levels, were obtained at regular intervals.
Both acute stress and METH produced mood-altering and physiological effects. Stress increased ratings of anxiety immediately after the stressful task, and increased salivary cortisol levels 20 min later. METH increased feelings of stimulation, and decreased fatigue and sedation, beginning about 20 min after drug administration and peaking at 60 and 90 min. Stress dampened the early responses to METH (i.e. at 20 min), but not the later effects (60 or 90 min).
These results demonstrate that acute stress can dampen subjective responses to a low dose of METH, but these effects are short-lived. It remains to be determined what mechanisms mediate this effect.
对实验动物的研究表明，急性应激可改变滥用药物的直接作用以及自我给药的倾向。同样，应激也可能改变药物的急性主观效应或人类寻求和使用药物的倾向。
本基于实验室的研究旨在确定急性社会应激源（特里尔社会应激测试；TSST）是否会改变人类对低口服剂量甲基苯丙胺（METH；10毫克）的主观反应。
该研究采用了组内和组间混合设计。健康年轻男性（n = 28）参加了两个实验环节，一个有应激，另一个无应激。他们被随机分为两组，两组在两个环节中均接受METH（n = 16）或安慰剂（n = 12）。在每个环节中，受试者接受TSST或不接受TSST，然后摄入含有药物（10毫克METH）或安慰剂（PLAC）的饮料。在接下来的1.5小时内，定期获取各种自我报告的情绪指标和生理指标，包括唾液皮质醇水平。
急性应激和METH均产生了情绪改变和生理效应。应激在应激任务后立即增加焦虑评分，并在20分钟后增加唾液皮质醇水平。METH在给药后约20分钟开始增加兴奋感，减少疲劳和镇静感，并在60分钟和90分钟达到峰值。应激减弱了对METH的早期反应（即20分钟时），但未减弱后期效应（60分钟或90分钟时）。
这些结果表明，急性应激可减弱对低剂量METH的主观反应，但这些效应是短暂的。介导这种效应的机制仍有待确定。
