van der Bij A K, Mulder-Folkerts D K, van den Hoek J A, Boer K, Schutte M F, Coutinho R A
Gemeentelijke Geneeskundige en Gezondheidsdienst, cluster Infectieziekten, Postbus 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003 Jun 21;147(25):1232-6.
In 2001, the Municipal Health Service started offering HIV tests to all pregnant women in and around Amsterdam. All midwives and all hospitals but one participated in this HIV screening. In 2002, of the 10,752 pregnant women offered HIV testing 13.6% refused. HIV antibodies were detected in 24 women (0.26%). The HIV prevalence was doubled compared to the prevalence in 1990-1991, but the number of newly HIV-infected pregnant women remained stable (0.1%). The high number of refusals, as a result of which many HIV-infected women might be missed, is alarming. For this reason, in January 2003, the Municipal Health Service started HIV testing by the opting-out approach. Under the opting-out approach, women are notified that an HIV test will be included in the standard test battery, together with tests for hepatitis B and syphilis, unless she explicitly refuses. It is expected that the opting-out approach for HIV screening of pregnant women will be implemented nationwide in 2003.
2001年，市卫生服务机构开始为阿姆斯特丹及其周边地区的所有孕妇提供艾滋病毒检测。所有助产士和除一家医院外的所有医院都参与了这项艾滋病毒筛查。2002年，在10752名接受艾滋病毒检测的孕妇中，13.6%的人拒绝检测。在24名妇女（0.26%）中检测出艾滋病毒抗体。与1990 - 1991年的患病率相比，艾滋病毒患病率翻了一番，但新感染艾滋病毒的孕妇数量保持稳定（0.1%）。拒绝检测的人数众多，这可能导致许多感染艾滋病毒的妇女未被发现，令人担忧。因此，2003年1月，市卫生服务机构开始采用“退出式”方法进行艾滋病毒检测。在“退出式”方法下，妇女会被告知艾滋病毒检测将与乙肝和梅毒检测一起纳入标准检测套餐，除非她明确拒绝。预计2003年将在全国范围内对孕妇实施艾滋病毒筛查的“退出式”方法。
