Baranski Joseph V, Petrusic William M
Judgement and Decision Making Group, Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2003 Jun;29(3):658-74. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.29.3.658.
Adaptive decision processes were investigated in experiments involving an unexpected change in the global ease or difficulty of the task. Under accuracy stress, a shift from an easy to a difficult context induced a marked increase in decision time, but a shift from a difficult to an easy context did not. Under speed stress, a shift to a more difficult context induced lower accuracy and rated confidence, depending on the difficulty of the decisions. A view of caution developed in D. Vickers's (1979) accumulator theory--whereby one seeks to base decisions on more information--is compared with a view based on slow and fast guessing theory (W. M. Petrusic, 1992; W. M. Petrusic & J. V. Baranski, 1989a)--whereby one seeks to base decisions on more diagnostic information. On balance, the findings support the latter view.
在涉及任务全局难易程度意外变化的实验中，对适应性决策过程进行了研究。在准确性压力下，从容易的情境转变为困难的情境会导致决策时间显著增加，但从困难的情境转变为容易的情境则不会。在速度压力下，根据决策的难度，转向更困难的情境会导致准确性和评定的信心降低。将D. 维克斯（1979）的累加器理论中形成的谨慎观点——即人们试图基于更多信息做出决策——与基于慢速和快速猜测理论（W. M. 彼得鲁西克，1992；W. M. 彼得鲁西克和J. V. 巴兰斯基，1989a）的观点——即人们试图基于更多诊断性信息做出决策——进行了比较。总体而言，研究结果支持后一种观点。
