Tuchman Roberto, Rapin Isabelle
Miami Children's Hospital, Dan Marino Center, Department of Neurology, Weston, FL 33331, USA.
Lancet Neurol. 2002 Oct;1(6):352-8. doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00160-6.
There is an increased but variable risk of epilepsy in autism. Three main factors--age, cognitive level, and type of language disorder--account for variability in the reported prevalence of epilepsy. The prevalence is highest in studies that have included adolescents and young adults, individuals with moderate to severe mental retardation and those with motor deficits, and individuals with severe receptive language deficits. The association of autism with clinical or subclinical epilepsy might denote common genetic factors in some cases. Whether subclinical epilepsy has adverse effects on cognition, language, and behaviour is debated, as is the relation of autistic regression with an epileptiform electroencephalogram to Landau-Kleffner syndrome. There is no evidence-based treatment recommendation for individuals with autism, regression, and subclinical epilepsy. Double-blind studies with sufficient power to resolve this issue are urgently needed.
自闭症患者患癫痫的风险增加，但存在个体差异。三个主要因素——年龄、认知水平和语言障碍类型——导致了所报告的癫痫患病率存在差异。在纳入青少年和青年、中度至重度智力障碍者、有运动缺陷者以及严重接受性语言缺陷者的研究中，癫痫患病率最高。自闭症与临床或亚临床癫痫的关联在某些情况下可能意味着存在共同的遗传因素。亚临床癫痫是否会对认知、语言和行为产生不良影响存在争议，自闭症退行与癫痫样脑电图与Landau-Kleffner综合征的关系也存在争议。对于患有自闭症、退行和亚临床癫痫的个体，尚无基于证据的治疗建议。迫切需要进行有足够效力来解决这一问题的双盲研究。
