Croft Darren P, Albanese Brett, Arrowsmith Bethany J, Botham Marc, Webster Michael, Krause Jens
School of Biology University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Oecologia. 2003 Sep;137(1):62-8. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1268-6. Epub 2003 Jul 11.
The movement strategies of birds and mammals are often closely linked to their mating system, but few studies have examined the relationship between mating systems and movement in fishes. We examined the movement patterns of the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata) in the Arima river of Trinidad and predicted that sexual asymmetry in reproductive investment would result in male-biased movement. Since male guppies maximize their reproductive success by mating with as many different females as possible, there should be strong selection for males to move in search of mates. In agreement with our prediction, the percentage of fish that emigrated from release pools was higher for males than females (27.3% vs. 6.9%, respectively). Sex ratio was highly variable among pools and may influence a male's decision to emigrate or continue moving. We also detected a positive relationship between body length and the probability of emigration for males and a significant bias for upstream movement by males. Among the few females that did emigrate, a positive correlation was observed between body length and distance moved. Sex-biased movement appears to be related to mating systems in fishes, but the evidence is very limited. Given the implications for ecology, evolution, and conservation, future studies should explicitly address the influence of sex and mating systems on movement patterns.
鸟类和哺乳动物的运动策略通常与其交配系统密切相关，但很少有研究探讨鱼类交配系统与运动之间的关系。我们研究了特立尼达阿里马河中孔雀鱼（孔雀花鳉）的运动模式，并预测生殖投资中的性别不对称会导致雄性偏向运动。由于雄性孔雀鱼通过与尽可能多的不同雌性交配来最大化其繁殖成功率，因此雄性应该有强烈的选择去移动寻找配偶。与我们的预测一致，从放流池中迁出的鱼类中，雄性的比例高于雌性（分别为27.3%和6.9%）。各水池间的性别比例差异很大，可能会影响雄性迁出或继续移动的决定。我们还发现雄性的体长与迁出概率之间存在正相关，且雄性向上游移动存在显著偏向。在少数迁出的雌性中，体长与移动距离之间存在正相关。性别偏向运动似乎与鱼类的交配系统有关，但证据非常有限。考虑到对生态、进化和保护的影响，未来的研究应明确探讨性别和交配系统对运动模式的影响。
