Fins Joseph J
Division of Medical Ethics, Departments of Medicine and Public Health, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, F-173, New York, NY, USA.
Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2003 Apr;14(2):303-19, ix-x. doi: 10.1016/s1042-3680(02)00118-3.
As we contemplate the emerging era of neuromodulation and imagine the utility of deep brain stimulation for disease entities in neurology and psychiatry, our enthusiasm is immediately tempered by history. Just a generation ago, other confident investigators were heralding invasive somatic therapies like prefrontal lobotomy to treat psychiatric illness. That era of psychosurgery ended with widespread condemnation, congressional calls for a ban, and avow that history should never repeat itself. Now, just 30 years later, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists are implanting deep brain stimulators for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and contemplating their use for severe psychiatric illnesses, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and the modulation of consciousness in traumatic brain injury.
当我们思考神经调节的崭新时代，并设想深部脑刺激在神经病学和精神病学疾病中的应用时，历史立刻给我们的热情泼了冷水。就在一代人之前，其他满怀信心的研究者还在宣扬像前额叶切除术这样的侵入性躯体治疗方法来治疗精神疾病。那个精神外科手术的时代以广泛的谴责、国会要求禁令以及誓言历史绝不应重演而告终。而现在，仅仅30年后，神经科医生、神经外科医生和精神科医生正在植入深部脑刺激器来治疗帕金森病，并考虑将其用于治疗严重精神疾病，如强迫症以及调节创伤性脑损伤中的意识。
