Kelly Debbie M, Cook Robert G
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2003 Jun;117(2):200-8. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.117.2.200.
Three experiment examined the role of contextual information during line orientation and line position discriminations by pigeons (Columba livia) and humans (Homo sapiens). Experiment 1 tested pigeons' performance with these stimuli in a target localization task using texture displays. Experiments 2 and 3 tested pigeons and humans, respectively, with small and large variations of these stimuli in a same-different task. Humans showed a configural superiority effect when tested with displays constructed from large elements but not when tested with the smaller, more densely packed texture displays. The pigeons, in contrast, exhibited a configural inferiority effect when required to discriminate line orientation, regardless of stimulus size. These contrasting results suggest a species difference in the perceptionand use of features and contextual information in the discrimination of line information.
三项实验研究了背景信息在鸽子（家鸽）和人类（智人）进行线条方向和线条位置辨别过程中的作用。实验1使用纹理显示在目标定位任务中测试鸽子对这些刺激的表现。实验2和实验3分别在异同任务中使用这些刺激的小变化和大变化来测试鸽子和人类。当用由大元素构成的显示进行测试时，人类表现出构型优势效应，但在用较小、排列更密集的纹理显示进行测试时则没有。相比之下，鸽子在被要求辨别线条方向时，无论刺激大小如何，都表现出构型劣势效应。这些对比结果表明，在辨别线条信息时，不同物种在特征和背景信息的感知与使用方面存在差异。
