Vessey Judith A
William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2003;21:173-201.
The data-based literature addressing children's psychological responses to hospitalization was reviewed using methods outlined by Cooper (1989). Using a developmental science perspective, early research was reviewed and a model of variables that contribute to children's responses was constructed. This model consists of three major foci, including maturational and cognitive variables (developmental level, experience, coping style), ecological variables (family and hospital milieu), and biological variables (inborn factors and pathophysiology). Coping serves as the overarching framework for examining these variables and their contributions to children's responses to hospitalization. A variety of theoretical perspectives from the social sciences have been used, with psychoanalytic and stress and adaptation theories predominating. The majority of the research used simple case study, descriptive, or pre- and post-test designs. Methodologic issues were common. Little qualitative work has been done. Future research directions call for studies to adopt new theoretical and empirical models that are methodologically rigorous and clinically relevant and that embrace the precepts of developmental science.
我们采用库珀（1989年）概述的方法，对有关儿童对住院治疗心理反应的基于数据的文献进行了综述。从发展科学的角度出发，我们回顾了早期研究，并构建了一个有助于解释儿童反应的变量模型。该模型包含三个主要方面，包括成熟和认知变量（发育水平、经验、应对方式）、生态变量（家庭和医院环境）以及生物学变量（先天因素和病理生理学）。应对是审视这些变量及其对儿童住院反应影响的总体框架。研究运用了社会科学中的多种理论观点，其中精神分析理论以及压力与适应理论占主导地位。大多数研究采用简单的案例研究、描述性研究或前后测试设计。方法学问题较为常见。定性研究做得很少。未来的研究方向要求采用新的理论和实证模型，这些模型在方法上要严谨且与临床相关，并遵循发展科学的原则。
