Bousquet J, Vignola A M, Demoly P
Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires and INSERM U454, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, France.
Allergy. 2003 Aug;58(8):691-706. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00105.x.
There is compelling evidence of a close relationship between the upper and lower airways in asthma and rhinitis. Rhinitis is present in the majority of patients with asthma, and a significant minority of patients with rhinitis have concomitant asthma. Similarities between the two conditions occur in the nature of the inflammation present in the target tissues. A common initiating step in the inflammatory process of allergic airways disease is the presence of immunoglobulin E providing an adaptor molecule between the offending allergen and inflammatory cell activation and mediator release. Differences in the two conditions arise largely from the structural differences between the nose and the lungs. In an asthmatic, concomitant allergic rhinitis increases healthcare costs and further impairs quality of life. The presence of rhinitis should always be investigated in children and young adults with asthma. Subjects with allergic rhinitis have an increased risk of developing asthma and may form a suitable population for secondary intervention to interrupt the 'allergic march'.
有令人信服的证据表明，哮喘和鼻炎患者的上、下呼吸道之间存在密切关系。大多数哮喘患者同时患有鼻炎，而少数鼻炎患者也伴有哮喘。这两种疾病在靶组织炎症性质方面存在相似之处。变应性气道疾病炎症过程的一个常见起始步骤是存在免疫球蛋白E，它在有害变应原与炎症细胞激活及介质释放之间提供衔接分子。这两种疾病的差异很大程度上源于鼻子和肺部的结构差异。对于哮喘患者，合并变应性鼻炎会增加医疗费用，并进一步损害生活质量。对于患有哮喘的儿童和年轻人，应始终对鼻炎的存在进行调查。患有变应性鼻炎的个体患哮喘的风险增加，可能构成一个适合进行二级干预以阻断“变态反应进程”的人群。
