Randi E, Tabarroni C, Rimondi S, Lucchini V, Sfougaris A
Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica (INFS), Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
Mol Ecol. 2003 Aug;12(8):2201-14. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01899.x.
We used mitochondrial DNA control-region and microsatellite data to infer the evolutionary history and past demographic changes in 332 rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) sampled from throughout the species' distribution range, with the exception of the central Balkans region. Maternal and biparental DNA markers indicated concordantly that rock partridge populations are structured geographically (mtDNA phiST = 0.86, microsatellite FST = 0.35; RST = 0.31; P < 0.001). Phylogenetic analyses of 22 mtDNA haplotypes identified two major phylogroups (supported by bootstrap values = 93%), splitting partridges from Sicily vs. all the other sampled populations at an average Tamura-Nei genetic distance of 0.035, which corresponds to 65% of the average distance between closely related species of Alectoris. Coalescent estimates of divergence times suggested that rock partridges in Sicily were isolated for more than 200000 years. This deep subdivision was confirmed by multivariate, Bayesian clustering and population assignment analyses of microsatellite genotypes, which supported also a subdivision of partridges from the Alps vs. populations in the Apennines, Albania and Greece. Partridges in the Apennines and Albania-Greece were probably connected by gene flow since recently through a late Pleistocene Adriatic landbridge. Deglaciated Alps were probably colonized by distinct and, perhaps, not yet sampled source populations. Bottleneck and mismatch analyses indicate that rock partridges have lost variability through past population declines, and did not expand recently. Deglaciated areas could have been recolonized without any strong demographic expansion. Genetic data partially supported subspecies subdivisions, and allowed delimiting distinct conservation units. Rock partridges in Sicily, formally recognized as A. g. whitakeri, met the criteria for a distinct evolutionary significant unit.
我们利用线粒体DNA控制区和微卫星数据，推断了从整个物种分布范围（巴尔干半岛中部地区除外）采集的332只石鸡（Alectoris graeca）的进化历史和过去的种群动态变化。母系和双亲DNA标记一致表明，石鸡种群在地理上存在结构分化（线粒体DNA的phiST = 0.86，微卫星的FST = 0.35；RST = 0.31；P < 0.001）。对22种线粒体DNA单倍型的系统发育分析确定了两个主要的系统发育类群（自展值支持率 = 93%），西西里岛的石鸡与所有其他采样种群分开，平均Tamura-Nei遗传距离为0.035，这相当于Alectoris属近缘物种平均距离的65%。分歧时间的溯祖估计表明，西西里岛的石鸡已经隔离了超过20万年。微卫星基因型的多变量、贝叶斯聚类和种群分配分析证实了这种深度分化，也支持了阿尔卑斯山的石鸡与亚平宁山脉、阿尔巴尼亚和希腊的种群之间的分化。亚平宁山脉以及阿尔巴尼亚 - 希腊的石鸡可能最近通过更新世晚期的亚得里亚海陆桥存在基因流动。冰川消退后的阿尔卑斯山可能是由不同的、也许尚未采样的源种群殖民的。瓶颈和失配分析表明，石鸡因过去种群数量下降而失去了变异性，且近期没有扩张。冰川消退地区可能在没有任何强烈种群扩张的情况下重新被殖民。遗传数据部分支持了亚种的划分，并有助于划定不同的保护单元。西西里岛的石鸡，正式被认定为A. g. whitakeri，符合一个独特的进化显著单元的标准。
