Randi E, Alves P C, Carranza J, Milosevic-Zlatanovic S, Sfougaris A, Mucci N
Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
Mol Ecol. 2004 Oct;13(10):3071-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02279.x.
We sequenced 704 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region nucleotides and genotyped 11 autosomal microsatellites (STR) in 617 European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) samples, aiming to infer the species' phylogeographical structure. The mtDNA sequences were split in three distinct haplogroups, respectively, named: Clade West, sampled mainly in Iberia; Clade East, sampled mainly in Greece and in the Balkans; and Clade Central, which was widespread throughout Europe, including the eastern countries and Iberia, but not Greece. These clades might have originated in distinct Iberian and Balkanic refuges during the penultimate or the last glaciations. Clades East and West contributed little to the current postglacial mtDNA diversity in central Europe, which apparently was recolonized mainly by haplotypes belonging to Clade Central. A unique subclade within Clade Central grouped all the haplotypes sampled from populations of the Italian subspecies C. c. italicus. In contrast, haplotypes sampled in central and southern Spain joined both Clade Central and Clade West, suggesting that subspecies C. c. garganta has admixed origin. STR data support a genetic distinction of peripheral populations in north Iberia and southern Italy, and show the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in fragmented populations, which were recently reintroduced or restocked and not may be in mutation-drift equilibrium. Roe deer in central Europe are mainly admixed, while peripheral populations in north Portugal, the southern Italian Apennines and Greece represent the remains of refugial populations and should be managed accordingly.
我们对617份欧洲狍（Capreolus capreolus）样本中的704个线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区核苷酸进行了测序，并对11个常染色体微卫星（STR）进行了基因分型，旨在推断该物种的系统地理结构。mtDNA序列被分为三个不同的单倍群，分别命名为：西部进化枝，主要在伊比利亚半岛采样；东部进化枝，主要在希腊和巴尔干半岛采样；中部进化枝，分布于整个欧洲，包括东欧国家和伊比利亚半岛，但不包括希腊。这些进化枝可能在倒数第二次或末次冰期期间起源于不同的伊比利亚和巴尔干避难所。东部和西部进化枝对当前中欧冰期后的mtDNA多样性贡献不大，中欧显然主要是由属于中部进化枝的单倍型重新定殖的。中部进化枝内的一个独特亚群将从意大利亚种C. c. italicus种群中采样的所有单倍型归为一组。相比之下，在西班牙中部和南部采样的单倍型同时属于中部进化枝和西部进化枝，这表明亚种C. c. garganta具有混合起源。STR数据支持了伊比利亚半岛北部和意大利南部边缘种群的遗传差异，并显示了人为干扰对碎片化种群的影响，这些种群最近被重新引入或补充，可能尚未处于突变-漂变平衡状态。中欧的狍主要是混合种群，而葡萄牙北部、意大利南部亚平宁山脉和希腊的边缘种群代表了避难所种群的残余，应据此进行管理。
