Mahoney M C, Symons A B, Kimmel S R
Department of Family Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, ECMC Clinical Center, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, New York 14215, USA.
J Postgrad Med. 2003 Apr-Jun;49(2):141-7.
Smallpox virus has gained considerable attention as a potential bioterrorism agent. Recommendations for smallpox (vaccinia) vaccination presume a low risk for use of smallpox as a terrorist biological agent and vaccination is currently recommended for selected groups of individuals such as health care workers, public health authorities, and emergency/rescue workers, among others. Information about adverse reactions to the smallpox vaccine is based upon studies completed during the 1950s and 1960s. The prevalence of various diseases has changed over the last four decades and new disease entities have been described during this period. The smallpox vaccination may be contra-indicated in many of these conditions. This has made pre-screening of potential vaccines necessary. It is believed that at present, the risks of vaccine-associated complications far outweigh the potential benefits of vaccination in the general population.
天花病毒作为一种潜在的生物恐怖主义制剂已引起了相当大的关注。天花（牛痘）疫苗接种的建议是基于将天花用作恐怖主义生物制剂的低风险假设，目前建议为特定群体接种疫苗，如医护人员、公共卫生当局人员以及应急/救援人员等。关于天花疫苗不良反应的信息是基于20世纪50年代和60年代完成的研究。在过去的四十年里，各种疾病的流行情况发生了变化，在此期间也描述了新的疾病实体。在许多这些情况下，天花疫苗接种可能是禁忌的。这使得对潜在疫苗进行预筛查成为必要。据信，目前在普通人群中，疫苗相关并发症的风险远远超过接种疫苗的潜在益处。
