Petibois C, Déléris G
INSERM U443, Groupe de Chimie Bio-Organique, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2003 Jul;24(5):320-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-40708.
Changes in the metabolic response to an endurance exercise were studied (18 rowing km at 75 % of maximal aerobic velocity) during detraining in ten rowers previously highly-trained. Maximal aerobic velocity (VO2 max) and the metabolic response to exercise were determined in the 1 st, 24 th, and 47 th week (training), and in the 52 nd, 76 th, and 99 th week (detraining). Over the decrease of VO2 max, detraining induced a biphasic alteration of the previously observed training adaptations: 1-short-term detraining (5 weeks) resulted in a lower adipose tissue triglyceride (TG) delivery during exercise (p = 0.029), but this one did not represent a direct metabolic limit to exercise since the liver TG delivery increased (p = 0.039), allowing that total fatty acid concentration remained unchanged (12.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 11.8 +/- 2.1 mmol/l; weeks 47 vs. 52); 2-long-term detraining (52 weeks) altered even more the metabolic response to exercise with a decreased total fatty acid concentration during exercise (week 99: 10.6 +/- 2.0 mmol/l; p = 0.022), which induced a higher glycolysis utilization. At this moment, a hemolytic response to endurance exercise was observed through haptoglobin and transferrin concentration changes (weeks 47 vs. 99; p = 0.029 and 0.027, respectively), which resulted probably from higher red blood cell destruction. Endurance-trained athletes should avoid detraining periods over a few weeks since alterations of the metabolic adaptations to training may become rapidly chronic after such delays.
对10名之前受过高度训练的赛艇运动员在停训期间的耐力运动代谢反应变化进行了研究（以最大有氧速度的75%进行18公里赛艇运动）。在第1、24和47周（训练期）以及第52、76和99周（停训期）测定了最大有氧速度（VO2 max）和运动代谢反应。随着VO2 max的下降，停训导致了先前观察到的训练适应性的双相改变：1. 短期停训（5周）导致运动期间脂肪组织甘油三酯（TG）输送降低（p = 0.029），但这并不代表运动的直接代谢限制，因为肝脏TG输送增加（p = 0.039），使得总脂肪酸浓度保持不变（12.1±2.4 vs. 11.8±2.1 mmol/l；第47周与第52周）；2. 长期停训（52周）进一步改变了运动代谢反应，运动期间总脂肪酸浓度降低（第99周：10.6±2.0 mmol/l；p = 0.022），这导致糖酵解利用率更高。此时，通过触珠蛋白和转铁蛋白浓度变化观察到对耐力运动的溶血反应（第47周与第99周；分别为p = 0.029和0.027），这可能是由于红细胞破坏增加所致。耐力训练的运动员应避免超过几周的停训期，因为在此类延迟后，对训练的代谢适应性改变可能会迅速变为慢性。
