Durwen H E, Penin H
Neurologische Klinik, Ruhr-Universität am Knappschafts-Krankenhaus Bochum-Langendreen.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1992 Dec;60(12):460-70. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1000669.
Even if generally the EEG cannot yield specific pointers that are typical for a special pattern of dementia, it is nevertheless meaningful and helpful to perform routine EEG in demented patients. EEG is the functional additional examination that does not place any stress on the patient and is easy to perform at a low cost (1). As a functional diagram the EEG reflects the electrical processes taking place in the cerebral cortex, yielding an excellent image of the cerebral functional state. Assessment of the EEG is done in accordance with internationally standardised criteria. Particular attention is directed at a slowing-down of the background activity, the occurrence and extent of scattered theta and delta waves, their topographical distribution and the development of pathological EEG characteristics during recording (44). Update spectral analysis EEG procedures, i.g. the possibility to calculate power spectra for the individual EEG frequency bands and their topographic distribution, it may be possible in the near future to further improve differentiation between normal and pathological EEG findings. The functional dynamic aspect of the EEG is its particularly strong point in the differential diagnostic clarification of dementia patterns. By repeated EEG recordings, i.e. by close follow-up, and by relating the electrophysiological findings to the clinical pattern, reliable pointers are obtained for the extent of the activity of the process underlying the dementia pattern. EEG is predestined like no other method to enable early detection of rapid changes in cerebral function thanks to its easy operation and unlimited repeatability. The occurrence of parenrhythmic theta and delta waves in the EEG reflects in a special manner the acuity of an organic basic process. In this way EEG enables differentiation between acute and chronic processes of cerebral damage. Over and above this, correlation with the relevant clinical findings makes it possible to differentiate between reversible states of dementia and irreversible defect syndromes and hence also to point to the long-term outcome. Finally, the occurrence of certain patterns of findings or the identification of characteristic wave forms allows essential differential diagnostic pointers and definitions.
即使一般来说脑电图无法产生特定于某种特殊痴呆模式的典型指示，但对痴呆患者进行常规脑电图检查仍然是有意义且有帮助的。脑电图是一种功能性的辅助检查，不会给患者带来任何压力，且操作简便、成本低廉（1）。作为一种功能图，脑电图反映了大脑皮层中发生的电活动过程，能很好地呈现大脑的功能状态。脑电图的评估是按照国际标准化标准进行的。特别要关注背景活动的减慢、散在的θ波和δ波的出现及程度、它们的地形分布以及记录过程中病理性脑电图特征的发展（44）。更新频谱分析脑电图程序，例如能够计算各个脑电图频段的功率谱及其地形分布，在不久的将来可能进一步改善正常和病理性脑电图结果之间的区分。脑电图的功能动态方面在痴呆模式的鉴别诊断中是其特别突出的优点。通过重复脑电图记录，即密切随访，并将电生理结果与临床模式相关联，可获得有关痴呆模式潜在过程活动程度的可靠指示。由于其操作简便且可无限重复，脑电图比其他任何方法都更适合早期检测大脑功能的快速变化。脑电图中阵发性θ波和δ波的出现以一种特殊方式反映了器质性基础过程的严重程度。通过这种方式，脑电图能够区分脑损伤的急性和慢性过程。除此之外，与相关临床结果的关联使得区分可逆性痴呆状态和不可逆性缺陷综合征成为可能，从而也能指出长期预后。最后，某些结果模式的出现或特征波形的识别可提供重要的鉴别诊断指示和定义。
