Chen K S, Wang W C, Chen H M, Lin C F, Hsu H C, Kao J H, Hu M T
Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
Sci Total Environ. 2003 Aug 1;312(1-3):113-22. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00196-7.
This work reports sampling of motorcycle on-road driving cycles in actual urban and rural environments and the development of representative driving cycles using the principle of least total variance in individual regions. Based on the representative driving cycles in individual regions, emission factors for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)=NO+NO(2)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)), as well as fuel consumption, were determined using a chassis dynamometer. The measurement results show that the representative driving cycles are almost identical in the three largest cities in Taiwan, but they differ significantly from the rural driving cycle. Irrespective of driving conditions, emission factors differ insignificantly between the urban and rural regions at a 95% confidence level. However, the fuel consumption in urban centers is approximately 30% higher than in the rural regions, with driving conditions in the former usually poor compared to the latter. Two-stroke motorcycles generally have considerably higher HC emissions and quite lower NO(x) emissions than those of four-stroke motorcycles. Comparisons with other studies suggest that factors such as road characteristics, traffic volume, vehicle type, driving conditions and driver behavior may affect motorcycle emission levels in real traffic situations.
本研究报告了在实际城乡环境中对摩托车道路行驶工况的采样，并运用各区域总方差最小原则开发了具有代表性的行驶工况。基于各区域的代表性行驶工况，使用底盘测功机测定了一氧化碳（CO）、碳氢化合物（HC）、氮氧化物（NO(x)=NO+NO₂）和二氧化碳（CO₂）的排放因子以及燃油消耗量。测量结果表明，台湾三大城市的代表性行驶工况几乎相同，但与农村行驶工况有显著差异。无论驾驶条件如何，城乡区域在95%置信水平下的排放因子差异不显著。然而，市中心的燃油消耗量比农村地区高出约30%，且前者的驾驶条件通常比后者差。二冲程摩托车的HC排放量通常比四冲程摩托车高得多，而NO(x)排放量则低得多。与其他研究的比较表明，道路特性、交通流量、车辆类型、驾驶条件和驾驶员行为等因素可能会影响实际交通情况下摩托车的排放水平。
