Lin Chi-Wen, Lu San-Ju, Lin Kuo-Shian
Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan, ROC.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Sep 15;368(2-3):435-43. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.032. Epub 2006 May 2.
Due to the large population and high levels of motorized-vehicle exhaust emissions, motorcycle emissions make an important contribution to total emissions in Taiwan, ROC. Aiming to reduce the air pollution generated by these motorcycles, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) has maintained an enforced inspection and maintenance (I/M) program for in-use motorcycles since 1996. This report explores the effects of engine type, engine size, engine age, and manufacturers of in-use motorcycles on CO/HC emissions in I/M testing data during the period of 1996-2002 in the Central Air Quality Basin of Taiwan. Additionally, geographical characteristics and failure rates of motorcycles are analyzed. The results indicate that the age, size, and type of engine, and the manufacturers of motorcycles all play a significant role in determining I/M emission test results. The findings also show that two-stroke motorcycles emitted approximately ten times greater HC than those of four-stroke motorcycles. CO/HC test emissions increase with a decrease in engine size, HC test emissions contributed by Yamaha and other manufacturers being the highest. Although CO/HC test emissions generally increase with the age of the motorcycle, older motorcycles do not contribute significantly to total emissions due to the small number of older motorcycles. It was observed that CO/HC test emissions depend on driving patterns, geographical location, and inspection rates of motorcycles. The failure rate due to CO is nearly four times greater than that of HC, and the older and smaller-engine-size motorcycles obtain greater failure rates. These statistical findings can also provide the EPA of Taiwan or other Asian countries with useful information for formulating better environmental strategies to manage motorcycles effectively.
由于人口众多以及机动车尾气排放水平较高，摩托车排放对中国台湾地区的总排放量贡献显著。为减少这些摩托车产生的空气污染，台湾环境保护局（TEPA）自1996年起对在用摩托车实施强制检查与维护（I/M）计划。本报告探讨了1996年至2002年期间台湾中部空气质量监测区域内，在用摩托车的发动机类型、发动机排量、使用年限以及制造商对I/M测试数据中一氧化碳/碳氢化合物排放的影响。此外，还分析了摩托车的地理特征和故障率。结果表明，发动机的使用年限、排量和类型以及摩托车制造商在决定I/M排放测试结果方面均发挥着重要作用。研究结果还显示，二冲程摩托车的碳氢化合物排放量约为四冲程摩托车的十倍。一氧化碳/碳氢化合物测试排放量随发动机排量减小而增加，雅马哈及其他制造商的摩托车碳氢化合物测试排放量最高。虽然一氧化碳/碳氢化合物测试排放量通常随摩托车使用年限增加而上升，但由于旧摩托车数量较少，其对总排放量的贡献并不显著。据观察，一氧化碳/碳氢化合物测试排放量取决于驾驶模式、地理位置和摩托车检查率。一氧化碳导致的故障率几乎是碳氢化合物的四倍，且使用年限较长和发动机排量较小的摩托车故障率更高。这些统计结果也可为台湾地区或其他亚洲国家的环境保护局提供有用信息，以制定更好的环境策略来有效管理摩托车。
