Infections of intracardiac devices.

Intracardiac devices are increasingly used to correct hemodynamically dysfunctional valves and electrophysiologic abnormalities. These devices become infected at relatively low rates. Nevertheless, when these low rates are applied to widely used devices, significant numbers of infections result. Additionally, these infections have been associated with high degrees of morbidity and high mortality rates. This article reviews the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical presentation, and medical as well as surgical therapy of intracardiac device infections.