Ségala C, Poizeau D, Macé J-M
SEPIA-Santé, 18 bis, rue du Calvaire, 56310 Melrand.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2003 Apr;51(2):201-14.
Following community concern regarding potential health effects associated with odors of a wastewater treatment plant, a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to assess the complaints and the health status of the community and to identify potentially more susceptible groups.
Questionnaires were administered by telephone to nearly 3.000 subjects, randomly selected in the 8 nearby towns, using a geographical Information System. Residents of three areas were compared, according to the distance from the site: 0-1.5 km (high exposed group), 1.5-3 km (moderate exposed group) and 3-4.5 km (low exposed group). Questions measured demographic characteristics, concerns, perceived environmental risk and health effects (symptoms in the past 1 month and in the past 1 year). Multivariate logistic models study the relationships of complaints and health effects, with area and susceptibility factors.
Two thousand eight hundred and sixty seven eligible adults participated in an interview. Taking in account confounding factors, population of high and moderate exposed groups reported more odor complaints than the low exposed group, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 4.73 (CI95%: 3.63-6.14) and 2.06 (CI95%: 1.59-2.66) respectively. But these 2 groups did not report more frequent health effects compared to the low exposed group. Several health effects were significantly more frequent in persons with self-reported chemical intolerance and in persons considering malodor in terms of health threat. In this last sub-group of population, rhinitis were significantly more frequent in the high exposed group compared to low exposed group, whereas respiratory infections and asthma attacks showed the same non significant patterns.
If 24,2% of the total sample complaints from odors of the site, this study did not show a higher frequency of health effects in people living near the site (high exposed group). But 2 susceptible groups (with a higher frequency of symptoms potentially related to odors) were identified: persons with self-reported chemical intolerance, among those, many allergic and asthmatic subjects, and persons considering malodor in terms of health threat.
在社区对污水处理厂气味可能产生的健康影响表示关注后，开展了一项描述性流行病学研究，以评估社区的投诉情况和健康状况，并确定可能更易受影响的群体。
使用地理信息系统，通过电话对从附近8个城镇随机选取的近3000名受试者进行问卷调查。根据与该厂址的距离，对三个区域的居民进行比较：0 - 1.5公里（高暴露组）、1.5 - 3公里（中度暴露组）和3 - 4.5公里（低暴露组）。问题涉及人口统计学特征、担忧、感知到的环境风险和健康影响（过去1个月和过去1年的症状）。多变量逻辑模型研究投诉与健康影响之间的关系，以及区域和易感性因素。
2867名符合条件的成年人参与了访谈。考虑到混杂因素，高暴露组和中度暴露组的人群报告的气味投诉比低暴露组更多，调整后的优势比（OR）分别为4.73（95%置信区间：3.63 - 6.14）和2.06（95%置信区间：1.59 - 2.66）。但与低暴露组相比，这两组报告的健康影响并不更频繁。在自我报告有化学不耐受的人群以及认为恶臭对健康有威胁的人群中，几种健康影响明显更频繁。在这最后一组人群中，高暴露组的鼻炎发生率明显高于低暴露组，而呼吸道感染和哮喘发作呈现相同的不显著模式。
如果样本总数的24.2%投诉该厂址的气味，本研究未显示居住在该厂址附近的人群（高暴露组）健康影响频率更高。但确定了2个易感群体（症状频率可能与气味相关较高）：自我报告有化学不耐受的人群，其中许多是过敏和哮喘患者，以及认为恶臭对健康有威胁的人群。
