Rudd Christopher E, Schneider Helga
Molecular Immunology Section, Department of Immunology, Division of Investigative Science, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Jul;3(7):544-56. doi: 10.1038/nri1131.
Many studies have shown the central importance of the co-receptors CD28, inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in the regulation of many aspects of T-cell function. CD28 and ICOS have both overlapping and distinct functions in the positive regulation of T-cell responses, whereas CTLA4 negatively regulates the response. The signalling pathways that underlie the function of each of the co-receptors indicate their shared and unique properties and provide compelling hints of functions that are as yet uncovered. Here, we outline the shared and distinct signalling events that are associated with each of the co-receptors and provide unifying concepts that are related to signalling functions of these co-receptors.
许多研究表明，共刺激分子CD28、诱导性共刺激分子（ICOS）和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4（CTLA4）在调节T细胞功能的诸多方面起着核心作用。CD28和ICOS在T细胞反应的正向调节中具有重叠且独特的功能，而CTLA4则对反应起负向调节作用。每个共刺激分子功能所基于的信号通路显示了它们的共同和独特特性，并为尚未发现的功能提供了有力线索。在此，我们概述了与每个共刺激分子相关的共同和独特的信号事件，并提供了与这些共刺激分子信号功能相关的统一概念。
