Marques Gregory, Fan Chen-Ming
Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland 21210, USA.
Cerebellum. 2002 Dec;1(4):259-63. doi: 10.1080/147342202320883560.
Cell proliferation is an essential force to build up the size, shape, and function of an organ. This force is particularly prominent in the production of the cerebellar granule neurons, which represent 80% of all brain neurons. Extensive cell biological and tissue transplantation studies have uncovered both long-range diffusible and local cell-cell, contact-dependent growth cues for the granular neurons. The assignment of specific gene products to their contributions to the genesis of the granular neurons is greatly facilitated by in vitro culture assays and knock-out mouse analyses. Among them, the Growth arrest specific gene 1 (Gas1), a known negative regulator of the cell cycle, was shown to have profound influence on the production of the granule cells. Our aim here is to review the contributions of Gas1 and a few other selected genes and put them into a more comprehensive framework, though it may be speculative at times, of granule cell proliferation regulation.
细胞增殖是构建器官大小、形状和功能的重要力量。这种力量在小脑颗粒神经元的产生过程中尤为突出，小脑颗粒神经元占所有脑神经元的80%。广泛的细胞生物学和组织移植研究已经发现了颗粒神经元存在远程可扩散和局部细胞-细胞接触依赖性生长线索。体外培养试验和基因敲除小鼠分析极大地促进了将特定基因产物与其对颗粒神经元发生的贡献进行关联。其中，生长停滞特异性基因1（Gas1）是一种已知的细胞周期负调节因子，已被证明对颗粒细胞的产生有深远影响。我们的目的是回顾Gas1和其他一些选定基因的贡献，并将它们置于一个更全面的框架中，尽管这有时可能具有推测性，即颗粒细胞增殖调节的框架。
