Esser G, Schmidt M H, Blanz B, Fätkenheuer B, Fritz A, Koppe T, Laucht M, Rensch B, Rothenberger W
Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr. 1992 Dec;20(4):232-42.
In a prospective longitudinal epidemiological study with assessments at age 8, 13 and 18 the prevalence rate for psychiatric disorders remained constant at about 16%. The sex ratio for severe disorders was male dominated even in adolescence, which was a consequence of the high rate of unsocialized disturbances of conduct in boys. Persistence of psychiatric disorders between age 13 and 18 was about 50%, as had previously been the case between age 8 and 13. One child in four suffered from a psychiatric disorder for at least 10 years. In childhood, conduct disorders had a very poor prognosis and emotional disorders a very good one. In adolescence, the course of disorders depended on an interaction between diagnosis and gender. Boys with unsocialized disturbances and girls with emotional problems had a poor prognosis.
在一项针对8岁、13岁和18岁儿童的前瞻性纵向流行病学研究中，精神疾病的患病率保持在约16%的恒定水平。严重精神疾病的性别比例在青春期也是男性占主导，这是由于男孩中未社会化行为障碍的发生率较高。13岁至18岁之间精神疾病的持续率约为50%，与之前8岁至13岁之间的情况相同。四分之一的儿童患有精神疾病至少10年。在儿童期，行为障碍的预后很差，而情感障碍的预后很好。在青春期，精神疾病的病程取决于诊断和性别的相互作用。有未社会化行为障碍的男孩和有情感问题的女孩预后较差。
