Blanz B, Geisel B, Laucht M, Esser G, Schmidt M H
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr. 1986;14(1):5-31.
As part of an epidemiological follow-up study, data collected from 356 children at ages 8 and 13 and from their parents were analyzed to examine the relationship of parental child-rearing behavior and parents' psychological problems to the intellectual, emotional and social development of the offspring. The results revealed that while children are growing up father and child influence each other in specific ways. The fathers were particularly active in developing their children's cognitive abilities and had a strong influence especially on the development of their sons. At both age 8 and age 13, children whose parents had psychiatric disturbances, regardless of which parent was affected, were much more likely than those with normal parents to have psychiatric disorders themselves. Significant parental gender effects were found, however, when the form of the child's disorder was considered: At age 13, the children were at a higher risk for a conduct disorder if the father had a problem than if the mother did. In further analyses, children who had lost their fathers were compared with those in intact families. Significantly higher rates of psychiatric disorders were found for the fatherless boys, whereas no such effect could be detected for the fatherless girls.
作为一项流行病学随访研究的一部分，对从356名8岁和13岁儿童及其父母那里收集的数据进行了分析，以检验父母的育儿行为和父母的心理问题与后代智力、情感和社会发展之间的关系。结果显示，在孩子成长过程中，父亲和孩子会以特定方式相互影响。父亲在培养孩子认知能力方面特别积极，尤其对儿子的发展有很大影响。在8岁和13岁时，父母患有精神障碍的孩子，无论受影响的是哪一方父母，比起父母正常的孩子，自己患精神障碍的可能性要大得多。然而，在考虑孩子障碍的形式时，发现了显著的父母性别效应：在13岁时，如果父亲有问题，孩子患品行障碍的风险比母亲有问题时更高。在进一步分析中，将失去父亲的孩子与完整家庭中的孩子进行了比较。发现失去父亲的男孩患精神障碍的比例明显更高，而失去父亲的女孩则未发现这种影响。
