Samuels Martin
Academic Department of Paediatrics, North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke on Trent ST4 6QG, Staffordshire, UK.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2003 Sep;4(3):178-83. doi: 10.1016/s1526-0542(03)00050-2.
Viral respiratory infections are the most likely trigger for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS cases commonly have evidence of respiratory tract inflammation, a preceding history of symptoms of minor illness and occur in winter peaks coinciding with respiratory viral epidemics. Respiratory infections are a common cause for infants presenting with sudden events, involving apnoea and hypoxaemia and there are physiological mechanisms by which infants may develop sudden and severe, potentially life-threatening hypoxaemia. The rate of SIDS has fallen in the last 15 years. This is probably more to do with the reasons for the fall in deaths from respiratory causes rather than changes in sleeping position. Further falls in SIDS death rates may occur with reductions in cigarette smoking, encouragement of breastfeeding and minimising the potential for young infants to acquire respiratory infections. Early identification and recognition of life-threatening features of infections may further minimise the risks of sudden death.
病毒性呼吸道感染是婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）最可能的触发因素。SIDS病例通常有呼吸道炎症的证据、轻微疾病症状的既往史，且发生在与呼吸道病毒流行同时出现的冬季高峰。呼吸道感染是婴儿出现突发情况（包括呼吸暂停和低氧血症）的常见原因，并且存在一些生理机制，通过这些机制婴儿可能会突然发生严重的、可能危及生命的低氧血症。在过去15年中，SIDS的发生率有所下降。这可能更多地与呼吸道疾病死亡人数下降的原因有关，而非睡眠姿势的改变。随着吸烟率的降低、母乳喂养的鼓励以及尽量减少幼儿感染呼吸道感染的可能性，SIDS死亡率可能会进一步下降。早期识别和认识感染的危及生命特征可能会进一步降低猝死风险。
