Berríos-Torres Sandra I, Greenko Jane A, Phillips Michael, Miller James R, Treadwell Tracee, Ikeda Robin M
Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2003 Aug;25(2):79-87. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00110-7.
The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, New York, prompted an unprecedented rescue and recovery response. Operations were conducted around the clock, involved over 5000 workers per day, and extended into months following the attacks. The City of New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented prospective surveillance to characterize rescue worker-related injury and illness and to help guide public health interventions.
From September 11 to October 11, 2001, personnel reviewed medical records at four Manhattan hospital emergency departments (EDs), and healthcare providers completed data collection forms at five temporary Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) facilities located at the site. Rescue workers included construction workers, police officers, firefighters, emergency medical service technicians, or Urban Search and Rescue workers. Data collected included demographic characteristics, injury type, illness, and disposition.
Of 5222 rescue worker visits, 89% were to DMAT facilities and 12% to EDs. Musculoskeletal conditions were the leading cause of visits (19%), followed by respiratory (16%) and eye (13%) disorders. Incidence rates were estimated based on total injuries and/or illnesses reported times 200,000 (100 equivalent full-time workers in 1 year at 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year), then divided by the total number of hours worked. Eye disorders (59.7) accounted for the highest estimated injury and illness rate, followed by headache (46.8). One death, 52 hospital admissions, and 55 transports were reported. Findings underscored the need to coordinate distribution and enforcement of personal protective equipment use, purchase of diagnostic equipment to diagnose corneal abrasions, and distribution of health advisories.
This system provided objective, timely information that helped guide public health interventions in the immediate aftermath of the attacks and during the prolonged rescue and recovery operations. Lessons learned can be used to guide future surveillance efforts.
2001年9月11日，纽约市世界贸易中心遭受恐怖袭击，引发了前所未有的救援和恢复行动。行动全天候进行，每天有超过5000名工人参与，并且在袭击后的数月内仍在持续。纽约市卫生和精神卫生部门以及疾病控制与预防中心实施了前瞻性监测，以描述与救援人员相关的伤害和疾病情况，并帮助指导公共卫生干预措施。
2001年9月11日至10月11日，工作人员查阅了曼哈顿四家医院急诊科的病历，医疗服务提供者在现场的五个临时灾难医疗援助小组（DMAT）设施处填写了数据收集表。救援人员包括建筑工人、警察、消防员、紧急医疗服务技术人员或城市搜救人员。收集的数据包括人口统计学特征、伤害类型、疾病和处置情况。
在5222次救援人员就诊中，89%前往DMAT设施，12%前往急诊科。肌肉骨骼疾病是就诊的主要原因（19%），其次是呼吸系统疾病（16%）和眼部疾病（13%）。发病率是根据报告的总伤害和/或疾病数乘以200,000（相当于100名全职工作人员，每周工作40小时，每年工作50周），然后除以总工作小时数来估算的。眼部疾病（59.7）的估计伤害和疾病发生率最高，其次是头痛（46.8）。报告了1例死亡、52例住院和55例转运情况。研究结果强调了协调个人防护装备使用的分发和执行、购买诊断角膜擦伤的设备以及分发健康建议的必要性。
该系统提供了客观、及时的信息，有助于在袭击后立即以及长期的救援和恢复行动期间指导公共卫生干预措施。吸取的经验教训可用于指导未来的监测工作。
