Iacovides A, Fountoulakis K N, Kaprinis St, Kaprinis G
3rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Affect Disord. 2003 Aug;75(3):209-21. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00101-5.
The definition and phenomenological features of 'burnout' and its eventual relationship with depression and other clinical conditions are reviewed. Work is an indispensable way to make a decent and meaningful way of living, but can also be a source of stress for a variety of reasons. Feelings of inadequate control over one's work, frustrated hopes and expectations and the feeling of losing of life's meaning, seem to be independent causes of burnout, a term that describes a condition of professional exhaustion. It is not synonymous with 'job stress', 'fatigue', 'alienation' or 'depression'. Burnout is more common than generally believed and may affect every aspect of the individual's functioning, have a deleterious effect on interpersonal and family relationships and lead to a negative attitude towards life in general. Empirical research suggests that burnout and depression are separate entities, although they may share several 'qualitative' characteristics, especially in the more severe forms of burnout, and in vulnerable individuals, low levels of satisfaction derived from their everyday work. These final issues need further clarification and should be the focus of future clinical research.
本文回顾了“职业倦怠”的定义、现象学特征及其与抑郁症和其他临床状况的最终关系。工作是实现体面而有意义生活的不可或缺的方式，但也可能因各种原因成为压力源。对工作缺乏足够的掌控感、受挫的希望和期望以及失去生活意义的感觉，似乎是职业倦怠的独立成因，职业倦怠这个术语描述的是一种职业耗竭状态。它与“工作压力”“疲劳”“疏离感”或“抑郁”并非同义词。职业倦怠比普遍认为的更为常见，可能会影响个体功能的各个方面，对人际关系和家庭关系产生有害影响，并导致对整体生活的消极态度。实证研究表明，职业倦怠和抑郁症是不同的实体，尽管它们可能有一些“定性”特征，特别是在更严重的职业倦怠形式以及易受影响的个体中，日常工作满意度较低。这些最终问题需要进一步阐明，应该成为未来临床研究的重点。
