Chaves-Montero Alfonso, Blanco-Miguel Pilar, Ríos-Vizcaíno Belén
Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Social Work, COIDESO Research Centre, Contemporary Thought and Innovation for Social Development, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Social Work, ESEIS Research Group: Social Studies and Social Intervention, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Mar 4;13(5):552. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13050552.
Emotional exhaustion, a central component of burnout syndrome, affects social workers due to adverse work factors such as excessive workload, work-family conflict, and a lack of social support. The job demands-resources and conservation of resources models explain how chronic stress influences these professionals.
A systematic review was carried out using the recommendations of the PRISMA guidelines as a reference for the selection and identification of studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, registering the protocol in PROSPERO. Cross-sectional studies published from 1 January 2019 to 30 September 2024 were included and five main databases-Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo-were used to search for specific studies written in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese.
Of 361 initial records, 21 studies involving more than 24,000 social workers from diverse global settings were analyzed. The main risk factors identified were workload, work-family conflict, and work victimization. Resilience, self-care, and social support were highlighted as protective factors. Emotional exhaustion was associated with low job satisfaction, turnover intention, and mental health problems such as anxiety and depression.
Emotional burnout requires specific strategies, such as work flexibility, wellness programs, and organizational support. These measures can mitigate its impact, improving work-life balance and fostering resilience.
情感耗竭是职业倦怠综合征的核心组成部分，由于工作量过大、工作与家庭冲突以及缺乏社会支持等不利工作因素，影响着社会工作者。工作需求-资源模型和资源保存模型解释了慢性压力如何影响这些专业人员。
以PRISMA指南的建议为研究选择和识别的参考，采用系统综述方法，并参照乔安娜·布里格斯研究所指南，在PROSPERO中注册研究方案。纳入2019年1月1日至2024年9月30日发表的横断面研究，并使用五个主要数据库——科学网、Scopus、PubMed、Medline和PsycInfo——搜索用英语、西班牙语、法语和葡萄牙语撰写的特定研究。
在361条初始记录中，分析了21项研究，涉及来自全球不同地区的24000多名社会工作者。确定的主要风险因素是工作量、工作与家庭冲突以及工作中的受侵害情况。复原力、自我照顾和社会支持被强调为保护因素。情感耗竭与低工作满意度、离职意愿以及焦虑和抑郁等心理健康问题相关。
情感倦怠需要采取特定策略，如工作灵活性、健康计划和组织支持。这些措施可以减轻其影响，改善工作与生活的平衡并增强复原力。
