Birch Leann L, Fisher Jennifer Orlet, Davison Kirsten Krahnstoever
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Aug;78(2):215-20. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.2.215.
Experimental findings causally link restrictive child-feeding practices to overeating in children. However, longitudinal data are needed to determine the extent to which restrictive feeding practices promote overeating.
Our objectives were to determine whether restrictive feeding practices foster girls' eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and whether girls' weight status moderates the effects of restrictive feeding practices.
Longitudinal data were used to create a study design featuring 2 maternal restriction factors (low and high), 2 weight-status factors (nonoverweight and overweight), and 3 time factors (ages 5, 7, and 9 y).
Mean EAH increased significantly (P < 0.0001) from 5 to 9 y of age. Higher levels of restriction at 5 y of age predicted higher EAH at 7 y of age (P < 0.001) and at 9 y of age (P < 0.01). Girls who were already overweight at 5 y of age and who received higher levels of restriction had the highest EAH scores at 9 y of age (P < 0.05) and the greatest increases in EAH from 5 to 9 y of age (P < 0.01).
The developmental increase in EAH from 5 to 9 y of age may be especially problematic in obesigenic environments. These longitudinal data provide evidence that maternal restriction can promote overeating. Girls who are already overweight at 5 y of age may be genetically predisposed to be especially responsive to environmental cues. These findings are not expected to be generalized to boys or to other racial and ethnic groups.
实验结果表明,限制儿童饮食的做法与儿童暴饮暴食存在因果关系。然而,需要纵向数据来确定限制饮食做法在多大程度上会导致暴饮暴食。
我们的目的是确定限制饮食做法是否会促使女孩在不饥饿时进食(EAH),以及女孩的体重状况是否会调节限制饮食做法的影响。
使用纵向数据创建了一项研究设计,该设计具有2个母亲限制因素(低和高)、2个体重状况因素(非超重和超重)以及3个时间因素(5岁、7岁和9岁)。
从5岁到9岁,平均EAH显著增加(P<0.0001)。5岁时限制水平较高预示着7岁时(P<0.001)和9岁时(P<0.01)的EAH较高。5岁时已经超重且受到较高限制水平的女孩在9岁时的EAH得分最高(P<0.05),并且从5岁到9岁EAH的增加幅度最大(P<0.01)。
在致肥胖环境中,5岁至9岁儿童EAH的发育性增加可能尤其成问题。这些纵向数据提供了证据表明母亲的限制会促进暴饮暴食。5岁时已经超重的女孩可能在基因上更容易对环境线索做出反应。这些发现预计不会推广到男孩或其他种族和族裔群体。