Falkinham Joseph O
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jul;9(7):763-7. doi: 10.3201/eid0907.020415.
Environmental opportunistic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium avium, M. terrae, and the new species M. immunogenum, have been implicated in outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis or respiratory problems in a wide variety of settings. One common feature of the outbreaks has been exposure to aerosols. Aerosols have been generated from metalworking fluid during machining and grinding operations as well as from indoor swimming pools, hot tubs, and water-damaged buildings. Environmental opportunistic mycobacteria are present in drinking water, resistant to disinfection, able to provoke inflammatory reactions, and readily aerosolized. In all outbreaks, the water sources of the aerosols were disinfected. Disinfection may select for the predominance and growth of mycobacteria. Therefore, mycobacteria may be responsible, in part, for many outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other respiratory problems in the workplace and home.
环境机会性分枝杆菌,包括鸟分枝杆菌、地分枝杆菌以及新种免疫原性分枝杆菌,已被证实与多种环境中过敏性肺炎或呼吸道问题的暴发有关。这些暴发的一个共同特征是接触气溶胶。气溶胶可在机械加工和磨削操作过程中由金属加工液产生,也可来自室内游泳池、热水浴缸和水浸损坏的建筑物。环境机会性分枝杆菌存在于饮用水中,具有抗消毒能力,能够引发炎症反应,且易于形成气溶胶。在所有暴发事件中,气溶胶的水源都经过了消毒处理。消毒可能会促使分枝杆菌占优势并生长。因此,分枝杆菌可能在一定程度上导致了工作场所和家庭中许多过敏性肺炎及其他呼吸道问题的暴发。