Akmaev I G, Kalimullina L B, Sharipova L A
Laboratory of Experimental Morphology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Moscow.
Morfologiia. 2003;123(2):7-14.
This review describes different aspects of structural and functional organization of amygdaloid central nucleus (CN) in association with the findings indicating its involvement in the development of stress reactions and adaptive behavior in animals. The data on the distribution of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in CN are discussed. It is emphasized that CN appears at the earliest stages of amygdaloid formation, undergoes remodeling together with it and reflects the evolution of the whole amygdaloid. The detailed data are presented on the cytoarchitectonic of amygdaloid CN, its heteromorphism and subdivision into zones (subnuclei), based on the different methods of investigation and evaluation criteria. The neuronal organization of CN and its subnuclei is discussed, and the detailed description of neurons of different types is given according to their topography, cell body dimensions and shape, dendrite orientation and branching pattern, organization of spine apparatus and axon structure. The developmental features of amygdaloid CN in mammalian animal and human ontogenesis are considered. The analysis covering the literature data and the results of authors' own investigations indicates that CN functions not only as intraamigdaloid integrative center, but also as one of the major channels providing both afferent and efferent connections of amygdaloid with other brain structures.
本综述描述了杏仁核中央核（CN）结构和功能组织的不同方面，并结合相关研究结果，这些结果表明其参与动物应激反应的发展和适应性行为。文中讨论了神经肽、神经递质和神经调质在CN中的分布数据。需要强调的是，CN在杏仁核形成的最早阶段就已出现，与杏仁核一起经历重塑，并反映了整个杏仁核的进化过程。基于不同的研究方法和评估标准，给出了关于杏仁核CN细胞结构、其异型性以及划分为不同区域（亚核）的详细数据。讨论了CN及其亚核的神经元组织，并根据神经元的位置、细胞体大小和形状、树突方向和分支模式、棘器组织和轴突结构，对不同类型的神经元进行了详细描述。同时考虑了哺乳动物和人类个体发育过程中杏仁核CN的发育特征。涵盖文献数据和作者自身研究结果的分析表明，CN不仅作为杏仁核内的整合中心发挥作用，还是为杏仁核与其他脑结构提供传入和传出连接的主要通道之一。
