Dwyer K, Barone J E, Rogers J F
Nutr Clin Pract. 1992 Dec;7(6):279-83. doi: 10.1177/0115426592007006279.
Severe hypophosphatemia may develop in postoperative patients for several reasons including alcohol withdrawal, diabetic ketoacidosis, nutritional recovery (refeeding) syndrome, and severe respiratory alkalosis. Severe hypophosphatemia may result in central nervous system abnormalities, muscle weakness, and renal, hepatic, cardiac, and respiratory dysfunction. Hypophosphatemia may be prevented by close monitoring of phosphorus concentrations in serum, especially in patients predisposed to developing this problem. Proper techniques for the maintenance and repletion of phosphate for both enteral and parenteral use are described.
术后患者可能会因多种原因出现严重低磷血症，包括酒精戒断、糖尿病酮症酸中毒、营养恢复（再喂养）综合征以及严重呼吸性碱中毒。严重低磷血症可能导致中枢神经系统异常、肌肉无力以及肾、肝、心和呼吸功能障碍。通过密切监测血清磷浓度，尤其是对易发生此问题的患者进行监测，可预防低磷血症。本文描述了肠内和肠外使用时维持和补充磷酸盐的正确技术。
