Besser Avi, Priel Beatriz
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
J Pers. 2003 Aug;71(4):515-55. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.7104002.
The present study investigated the effects of self-criticism, dependency, and attachment variables in depression among couples. We utilized a multisource design that involved self-reports and spouse reports of personality and depression. This approach enabled us to explore the patterns of relations between self-reported and the spouse's report of the partner's view of self-criticism, dependency, and attachment dimensions, as well as the contribution of the latter to the moderation of distress. Participants were 120 couples in their first marriages. It was found that: (1) Self- and spouses' reported self-criticism are both associated with depression; (2) negative assessments of personality factors and attachment models by the self and spouse contribute uniquely in predicting depressive symptomatology; and (3) beyond the covariation between target's depression and marital maladjustment, attachment models of self and of other as reported by both the self and spouse moderate the effects of self-reported personality vulnerability on depressive symptomatology. Our results indicate that self-ratings and ratings by others must both be considered in the context of depression in close interpersonal relationships. Beyond the methodological implications of multisource data, our findings support the view of depression as an interpersonal process.
本研究调查了自我批评、依赖和依恋变量对夫妻抑郁的影响。我们采用了多源设计，涉及人格和抑郁的自我报告以及配偶报告。这种方法使我们能够探索自我报告与配偶对伴侣自我批评、依赖和依恋维度看法的报告之间的关系模式，以及后者对缓解痛苦的贡献。参与者为120对初婚夫妻。研究发现：（1）自我报告和配偶报告的自我批评均与抑郁相关；（2）自我和配偶对人格因素和依恋模式的负面评价在预测抑郁症状方面具有独特作用；（3）除了目标抑郁与婚姻失调之间的共变关系外，自我和配偶报告的自我及他人的依恋模式调节了自我报告的人格易感性对抑郁症状的影响。我们的结果表明，在亲密人际关系中的抑郁情境下，必须同时考虑自我评分和他人评分。除了多源数据的方法学意义外，我们的研究结果支持将抑郁视为一种人际过程的观点。
