Haneberg Bjørn, Holst Johan
Division for Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2002 Aug;1(2):227-32. doi: 10.1586/14760584.1.2.227.
Nasal vaccines consisting of nonliving particulate formulations can induce immune responses of importance for protection against infection. The most promising results have been obtained with vaccines against influenza, pertussis and group B meningococcal disease. So far, however, the results do not challenge the standing of corresponding injectable vaccines, although results of experiments in animals do indicate that effective nonliving nasal vaccines may soon be developed. This will depend on refined immunization schedules to benefit from immunological memory and on formulations to make the vaccines more accessible to the immune system by way of mucosal adjuvants or immune modulators.
由无生命颗粒制剂组成的鼻用疫苗可诱导对预防感染具有重要意义的免疫反应。在抗流感、百日咳和B群脑膜炎球菌病疫苗方面已取得了最有前景的结果。然而，到目前为止，这些结果并未对相应注射用疫苗的地位构成挑战，尽管动物实验结果确实表明有效的无生命鼻用疫苗可能很快就会研发出来。这将取决于优化免疫程序以利用免疫记忆，以及取决于通过黏膜佐剂或免疫调节剂使疫苗更易被免疫系统接触到的制剂。
