无患子中的杀螺皂苷，即福寿螺（Pomacea canaliculata）的抑制剂。
Molluscicidal saponins from Sapindus mukorossi, inhibitory agents of golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata.
作者信息
Huang Hui-Chi, Liao Sin-Chung, Chang Fang-Rong, Kuo Yao-Haur, Wu Yang-Chang
机构信息
Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shi-Chuan first Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
出版信息
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Aug 13;51(17):4916-9. doi: 10.1021/jf0301910.
Extracts of soapnut, Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Sapindaceae) showed molluscicidal effects against the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck. (Ampullariidae) with LC(50) values of 85, 22, and 17 ppm after treating 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Bioassay-directed fractionation of S. mukorossi resulted in the isolation of one new hederagenin-based acetylated saponin, hederagenin 3-O-(2,4-O-di-acetyl-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (1), along with six known hederagenin saponins, hederagenin 3-O-(3,4-O-di-acetyl-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (2), hederagenin 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (3), hederagenin 3-O-(4-O-acetyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (4), hederagenin 3-O-(3,4-O-di-acetyl-beta-d-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (5), hederagenin 3-O-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (6), and hederagenin 3-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (7). The bioassay data revealed that 1-7 were molluscicidal, causing 70-100% mortality at 10 ppm against the golden apple snail.
无患子（Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.，无患子科）提取物对福寿螺（Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck.，瓶螺科）显示出杀螺活性，在分别处理24、48和72小时后，其LC(50)值分别为85、22和17 ppm。对无患子进行生物活性导向的分离，得到一种新的基于常春藤皂苷元的乙酰化皂苷，常春藤皂苷元3 - O - (2,4 - O - 二乙酰基 - α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷)-(1→3)-α - L - 鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（1），以及六种已知的常春藤皂苷元皂苷，常春藤皂苷元3 - O - (3,4 - O - 二乙酰基 - α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷)-(1→3)-α - L - 鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（2）、常春藤皂苷元3 - O - (3 - O - 乙酰基 - β - D - 木吡喃糖基)-(1→3)-α - L - 鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（3）、常春藤皂苷元3 - O - (4 - O - 乙酰基 - β - D - 木吡喃糖基)-(1→3)-α - L - 鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（4）、常春藤皂苷元3 - O - (3,4 - O - 二乙酰基 - β - D - 木吡喃糖基)-(1→3)-α - L - 鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（5）、常春藤皂苷元3 - O - β - D - 木吡喃糖基-(1→3)-α - L - 鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（6）和常春藤皂苷元3 - O - α - L - 阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（7）。生物活性测定数据表明，1 - 7具有杀螺活性，在10 ppm浓度下对福寿螺的致死率为70 - 100%。
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