Hayes A J, Markovic B
School of Safety Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Oct;41(10):1409-16. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00159-5.
The in vitro percutaneous absorption of the essential oil of lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) has been studied in freshly excised human full-thickness abdominal skin obtained from patients undergoing elective surgery. Absorption of lemon myrtle oil in human skin discs (4.9 cm(2)) was evaluated using a Franz cell diffusion system following topical application of neat lemon myrtle oil (100 microl or 18.29 mg/cm(2)) to the epidermal surface at exposure durations of 1 to 12 h. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used as an analytical technique to determine the absorption of lemon myrtle oil components in full-thickness skin. Citral; (consisting of isomers, geranial and neral) was the only component of lemon myrtle oil found to be absorbing into skin at all exposure periods. At the maximum exposure duration of 12 h, the total absorption of citral in the full-thickness skin disc was 0.29+/-0.07 mg/cm(2) (mean+/-S.D., n=4) of the applied dose. Although the absorption of lemon myrtle oil components was limited, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed significant losses in the cellular functioning of skin including; losses of integrity and solubilisation of the stratum corneum, cellular necrosis (to 15%) and cellular vacuolation (to 25%) on comparison to control skin. When a formulated product containing 1% lemon myrtle oil (0.18 mg/cm(2)) was applied to human skin discs (4.9 cm(2)) at 8 h exposure the total absorption of citral in the full-thickness skin disc was 5.12+/-0.60 x 10(-4) mg/cm(2) (mean+/-S.D., n=4) of the applied dose. No other components were detected. The histopathological assessment indicated limited damage to epidermal cells. The combination of the above methodologies enabled the generation of data that could be used for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity effects of lemon myrtle oil for topical application.
在从接受择期手术的患者身上获取的新鲜离体人全层腹部皮肤上，对柠檬桃金娘（Backhousia citriodora）精油的体外经皮吸收进行了研究。在将纯柠檬桃金娘油（100微升或18.29毫克/平方厘米）局部涂抹于表皮表面，暴露时间为1至12小时后，使用Franz细胞扩散系统评估柠檬桃金娘油在人皮肤圆盘（4.9平方厘米）中的吸收情况。气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GCMS）被用作分析技术，以确定柠檬桃金娘油成分在全层皮肤中的吸收情况。柠檬醛（由异构体香叶醛和橙花醛组成）是在所有暴露时间段内唯一被发现能吸收进入皮肤的柠檬桃金娘油成分。在最长暴露时间12小时时，全层皮肤圆盘中柠檬醛的总吸收量为所施加剂量的0.29±0.07毫克/平方厘米（平均值±标准差，n = 4）。尽管柠檬桃金娘油成分的吸收有限，但苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色显示皮肤细胞功能有显著损失，包括：与对照皮肤相比，角质层完整性丧失和溶解、细胞坏死（达15%）以及细胞空泡化（达25%）。当将含有1%柠檬桃金娘油（0.18毫克/平方厘米）的配方产品在8小时暴露时间下应用于人皮肤圆盘（4.9平方厘米）时，全层皮肤圆盘中柠檬醛的总吸收量为所施加剂量的5.12±0.60×10⁻⁴毫克/平方厘米（平均值±标准差，n = 4）。未检测到其他成分。组织病理学评估表明表皮细胞损伤有限。上述方法的结合能够生成可用于全面评估柠檬桃金娘油局部应用毒性效应的数据。
