Müller Manfred J, Bosy-Westphal Anja
Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 15-17, D 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2003 Sep;6(5):519-30. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200309000-00005.
This is a review on recent studies regarding methodological aspects of assessment of energy expenditure in children and adolescents.
A variety of methods used for assessment of different components of energy expenditure has been validated and used in children and adolescents. Reference values derived from representative groups of healthy children and adolescents are now available. Variations in the different components of energy expenditure and physical activity have been proposed to be associated with weight gain, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, recent cross-sectional and longitudinal data in children and adolescents do not provide strong evidence for this idea. In contrast, hypermetabolism, which is frequently seen in critically ill children, may contribute to their tissue catabolism. In this case beta blockade seems to be a way to increase 'metabolic economy' and thus to reduce tissue catabolism. In chronically ill children and adolescents (e.g. patients with cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia) energy expenditure is also frequently increased and group specific algorithms are needed for predicting energy expenditure when measurement facilities are not available.
Methods for assessment of the different components of energy expenditure have been validated in children and adolescents. The combined use of these methods together with detailed analyses of body composition is recommended for future studies. In patients with acute or chronic illness measurements of energy expenditure are necessary if disease-specific algorithms are not available.
本文综述了近期有关儿童和青少年能量消耗评估方法学方面的研究。
多种用于评估能量消耗不同组成部分的方法已在儿童和青少年中得到验证和应用。目前已有来自健康儿童和青少年代表性群体的参考值。能量消耗和身体活动不同组成部分的变化被认为与体重增加、超重和肥胖的患病率有关。然而，近期儿童和青少年的横断面和纵向数据并未为这一观点提供有力证据。相比之下，危重症儿童中常见的高代谢可能导致其组织分解代谢。在这种情况下，β受体阻滞剂似乎是一种增加“代谢经济性”从而减少组织分解代谢的方法。在慢性病患儿和青少年（如囊性纤维化和镰状细胞贫血患者）中，能量消耗也经常增加，当没有测量设备时，需要特定群体的算法来预测能量消耗。
评估能量消耗不同组成部分的方法已在儿童和青少年中得到验证。建议未来研究将这些方法与详细的身体成分分析结合使用。对于患有急性或慢性疾病的患者，如果没有疾病特异性算法，则有必要测量能量消耗。
