Feldman Ruth, Eidelman Arthur I
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, 52900.
Dev Psychobiol. 2003 Sep;43(2):109-19. doi: 10.1002/dev.10126.
Eighty-six premature infants were tested to examine the effects of maternal breast milk on infant development. Infants were classified by breast-milk consumption during the hospitalization period (M = 57.4 days) into three groups: those receiving minimal (<25% of nutrition), intermediate (25-75%), and substantial (>75%) amounts of breast milk. Infants in the three groups were matched for birth weight, gestational age (GA), medical risk, and family demographics. At 37 weeks GA, mother-infant interaction was videotaped, maternal depression self-reported, and neurobehavioral maturation assessed by the Neonatal Behavior Assessment Seale (Brazelton, 1973). At 6 months corrected age, infants were tested with the Bayley II (Bayley, 1993). Infants receiving substantial amounts of breast milk showed better neurobehavioral profiles-in particular, motor maturity and range of state. These infants also were more alert during social interactions, and their mothers provided more affectionate touch. Higher maternal depression scores were associated with lower quantities of breast milk, longer latencies to the first breast-milk feeding, reduced maternal affectionate touch, and lower infant cognitive skills. Maternal affectionate touch moderated the relations between breast milk and cognitive development, with infants receiving a substantial amount of breast milk and frequent touch scoring the highest. In addition to its nutritional value, breast milk may be related to improved maternal mood and interactive behaviors, thereby indirectly contributing to development in premature infants.
对86名早产儿进行了测试，以研究母乳对婴儿发育的影响。根据住院期间（平均57.4天）的母乳摄入量，将婴儿分为三组：摄入少量母乳（营养摄入量＜25%）、中等量母乳（营养摄入量25%-75%）和大量母乳（营养摄入量＞75%）的婴儿。三组婴儿在出生体重、胎龄、医疗风险和家庭人口统计学特征方面进行了匹配。在37周胎龄时，对母婴互动进行录像，让母亲自我报告抑郁情况，并通过新生儿行为评估量表（Brazelton，1973年）评估神经行为成熟度。在矫正年龄6个月时，用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第二版（Bayley，1993年）对婴儿进行测试。摄入大量母乳的婴儿表现出更好的神经行为特征，特别是运动成熟度和状态范围。这些婴儿在社交互动中也更警觉，他们的母亲给予更多的深情抚摸。母亲抑郁得分越高，母乳量越低、首次母乳喂养的延迟时间越长、母亲的深情抚摸越少、婴儿的认知技能越低。母亲的深情抚摸调节了母乳与认知发展之间的关系，摄入大量母乳且经常得到抚摸的婴儿得分最高。除了其营养价值外，母乳可能还与母亲情绪和互动行为的改善有关，从而间接促进早产儿的发育。
