Larese Filon Francesca, Bagnato Emma
Dipartimento di Scienze di Medicina Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste.
Med Lav. 2003 May-Jun;94(3):265-70.
Health care workers are exposed to many agents that can cause irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. In nurses with eczema of the hands latex sensitivity can play an important role in the occurrence of urticaria, rhinitis and asthma.
To determine the prevalence of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and contact urticaria and the role of skin sensitization to common and occupational haptens and allergens in a group of health care workers with skin problems.
Retrospective review of 204 health care workers assessed by prick and patch testing in an occupational health clinic.
The diagnoses included 35.3% with irritant contact dermatitis, 64.7% with allergic contact dermatitis and 7.3% with contact urticaria to latex. Three workers complained of asthma and 5 complained of rhinitis related to latex sensitization. At present 12.9% of atopic subjects were sensitized to latex by skin prick against 21.9% in 1998, so sensitization showed a decline in the years considered.
Contact dermatitis and sensitization to natural rubber latex is a significant problem and nurses should be tested for both types of hypersensitivity, as well as being patch tested to standard, rubber and disinfectants series. The need is stressed for preventive measures to prevent the onset of contact dermatitis and to avoid latex exposure.
医护人员会接触到许多可引起刺激性或过敏性接触性皮炎的物质。对于手部患有湿疹的护士而言，乳胶敏感性在荨麻疹、鼻炎和哮喘的发生中可能起重要作用。
确定一组有皮肤问题的医护人员中刺激性和过敏性接触性皮炎以及接触性荨麻疹的患病率，以及皮肤对常见和职业性半抗原及过敏原致敏的作用。
对在职业健康诊所通过点刺试验和斑贴试验评估的204名医护人员进行回顾性研究。
诊断结果包括35.3%患有刺激性接触性皮炎，64.7%患有过敏性接触性皮炎，7.3%对乳胶有接触性荨麻疹。3名工作人员主诉哮喘，5名主诉与乳胶致敏相关的鼻炎。目前，12.9%的特应性受试者通过皮肤点刺试验对乳胶致敏，而1998年这一比例为21.9%，因此在研究期间致敏率有所下降。
接触性皮炎和对天然橡胶乳胶致敏是一个重大问题，护士应接受这两种超敏反应的检测，同时还应进行标准、橡胶和消毒剂系列的斑贴试验。强调需要采取预防措施以防止接触性皮炎的发生并避免乳胶暴露。
