Ibler Kristina S, Jemec Gregor B E, Garvey Lene H, Agner Tove
Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Oct;75(4):223-9. doi: 10.1111/cod.12587. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
Occupational contact dermatitis is common in healthcare workers. Although irritant contact dermatitis resulting from wet work is the most frequently reported cause, healthcare workers also constitute high-risk group for the development of allergic contact dermatitis and contact urticaria.
To evaluate the prevalence of delayed-type and immediate-type hypersensitivity in 120 healthcare workers with hand eczema.
One hundred and twenty healthcare workers from three major hospitals in Denmark with self-reported hand eczema within the last year participated in the study. Patch tests included baseline series plus selected allergens, and prick tests included standard inhalational allergens plus natural rubber latex and chlorhexidine. Levels of IgE specific for latex, chlorhexidine and ethylene oxide were measured.
Of the participants, 53% had positive patch test reactions. The most frequent positive patch test reactions were to nickel, thiomersal, fragrances, rubber chemicals, and colophonium. The prevalence of natural rubber latex allergy as diagnosed by prick testing was 2.5%, and chlorhexidine allergy (both contact allergy and IgE-mediated allergy) was found in <1%. Ethylene oxide allergy was not identified in any of the participants.
Our results confirm previous reports on contact allergy patterns in healthcare workers. Testing for natural rubber latex allergy is still important, but increased risks of chlorhexidine and ethylene oxide allergy could not be confirmed.
职业性接触性皮炎在医护人员中很常见。虽然因湿作业导致的刺激性接触性皮炎是最常报告的病因，但医护人员也是发生过敏性接触性皮炎和接触性荨麻疹的高危人群。
评估120名手部湿疹医护人员中迟发型和速发型超敏反应的患病率。
来自丹麦三家主要医院的120名在过去一年内自述有手部湿疹的医护人员参与了该研究。斑贴试验包括基础系列加选定的变应原，点刺试验包括标准吸入性变应原加天然橡胶乳胶和洗必泰。检测了针对乳胶、洗必泰和环氧乙烷的特异性IgE水平。
参与者中，53%的斑贴试验反应呈阳性。最常见的斑贴试验阳性反应是对镍、硫柳汞、香料、橡胶化学品和松香。通过点刺试验诊断的天然橡胶乳胶过敏患病率为2.5%，洗必泰过敏（包括接触性过敏和IgE介导的过敏）的发现率<1%。在任何参与者中均未发现环氧乙烷过敏。
我们的结果证实了先前关于医护人员接触过敏模式的报告。天然橡胶乳胶过敏检测仍然很重要，但洗必泰和环氧乙烷过敏风险增加无法得到证实。
