Simeonsson Rune J
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3500, USA.
Int J Audiol. 2003 Jul;42 Suppl 1:S2-8. doi: 10.3109/14992020309074618.
Problems in communication serve as frequent markers of developmental delay and disability in childhood. Documentation of delayed or atypical receptive or expressive communication is one of the key diagnostic factors in the identification of children for intervention and support. This paper (1) reviews issues in classification and measurement of communication disabilities, (2) presents an overview of the development and publication of the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and (3) identifies the implications of the ICF for children and youths with communication disabilities. As a conceptual framework, the ICF may be used productively to define the focus for different efforts to address children's language and communication difficulties. Impairments of a physical or mental nature can be covered in the Body Function and Body Structure components, complementing the information provided by the ICD-10 with descriptive documentation. The component of Activities, encompassing performance aspects of communication, lends itself to functional assessment and intervention in habilitation and education programs. The component of Participation provides an operational basis for policy initiatives focusing on social integration and community life Finally, the Environmental Factors component serves as a framework for identifying the nature and extent of access and opportunity for individuals and populations.
沟通问题是儿童发育迟缓与残疾的常见标志。记录延迟或非典型的接受性或表达性沟通是识别需要干预和支持儿童的关键诊断因素之一。本文（1）回顾了沟通障碍的分类和测量问题，（2）概述了世界卫生组织《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）的制定和发布情况，（3）确定了ICF对有沟通障碍的儿童和青少年的影响。作为一个概念框架，ICF可有效地用于确定为解决儿童语言和沟通困难而开展的不同工作的重点。身体或精神方面的损伤可涵盖在身体功能和身体结构组成部分中，用描述性文件补充ICD-10提供的信息。活动组成部分包括沟通的表现方面，适用于 habilitation 和教育计划中的功能评估和干预。参与组成部分为侧重于社会融合和社区生活的政策倡议提供了操作基础。最后，环境因素组成部分作为一个框架，用于确定个人和人群获得机会的性质和程度。
