Slik J W F, Eichhorn K A O
Leiden University Branch, Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Einsteinweg 2, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Oecologia. 2003 Nov;137(3):446-55. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1359-4. Epub 2003 Aug 14.
The objective of this study was to relate patterns in forest structure, tree species diversity, and tree species composition to stem diameters and topography in unburned, once burned and twice burned lowland dipterocarp rain forests in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. To do this four unburned old growth forests were compared with three forests that burned once (1997/1998) and three forests that burned twice (1982/1983 and 1997/1998). Fire resulted in a strong reduction of climax tree density which was negatively related to tree diameter. However, a disproportionate reduction in small diameter understorey climax tree species occurred only after repeated fires. Climax tree species in both burned forest types were most common in swamps, river valleys and on lower slopes, while their density was much lower on places higher along hillsides. In unburned forest the opposite was observed, with climax tree density increasing steadily from swamp and river valleys to upper slopes and ridges. In contrast to climax trees, pioneer trees were abundant throughout the burned forest, with highest numbers on hill sides and ridges. Our results indicate that both diameter and topographic position of trees strongly affect their fire survival chances in tropical lowland forests.
本研究的目的是探究印度尼西亚东加里曼丹未燃烧、单次燃烧和两次燃烧的低地龙脑香雨林中，森林结构、树种多样性和树种组成模式与树干直径和地形之间的关系。为此，将四片未燃烧的原始森林与三片单次燃烧（1997/1998年）的森林以及三片两次燃烧（1982/1983年和1997/1998年）的森林进行了比较。火灾导致顶级树木密度大幅降低，且顶级树木密度与树木直径呈负相关。然而，只有在多次火灾后，小径级林下顶级树种才出现不成比例的减少。在两种燃烧类型的森林中，顶级树种在沼泽、河谷和较低山坡最为常见，而在山坡高处的密度则低得多。在未燃烧的森林中观察到相反的情况，顶级树木密度从沼泽和河谷到上坡和山脊稳步增加。与顶级树木不同，先锋树在整个燃烧森林中都很丰富，在山坡和山脊上数量最多。我们的结果表明，树木的直径和地形位置都强烈影响其在热带低地森林中的火灾存活几率。
