Fuller Bret E, Chermack Stephen T, Cruise Karen A, Kirsch Elisabeth, Fitzgerald Hiram E, Zucker Robert A
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Parkway, Mail Code CB-669, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2003 Jul;64(4):472-83. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2003.64.472.
This longitudinal study uses a three-generation database involving measures of grandparental and parental alcohol use disorder (AUD), marital aggression and aggression to offspring to predict early and later childhood aggression of third generation offspring. Given the importance of aggressive, undercontrolled behavior in the etiology of alcoholism, the purpose of this study was to construct a statistical model of intergenerational aggression and alcoholism among family members.
Participants were a population-based sample of 186 young sons of alcoholics and both biological parents and 120 nonsubstance abusing families and their age-matched sons drawn from the same neighborhoods. Extensive family data were collected at baseline and at 6 years postbaseline. Structural equation modeling evaluated retrospective and prospective relationships between grandparental and parental predictors of the sons' childhood aggression when they were 3-5 and 9-11 years of age.
The final model showed that grandparental marital aggression predicted development of parental antisocial behavior, which predicted parental alcoholism and marital aggression and partially mediated level of child aggression among their sons as preschoolers. Significant autostabilities in level of child aggression, parental AUD and marital aggression were present in families over the 6-year interval. Marital aggression was a more important predictor of son's preschool aggression; direct parental aggression to the child was more important at 9-11. Child aggression at 3-5 also was a partial mediator of level of parent-to-child aggression at 9-11.
Results indicate continuity of aggression across three generations and also indicate that the child's pathway into risk for later AUD is not simply mediated by parental alcoholism, but is carried by other comorbid aspects of family functioning, in particular aggression.
这项纵向研究使用了一个三代数据库，其中包括祖辈和父辈酒精使用障碍（AUD）、婚姻攻击行为以及对子女的攻击行为的相关测量数据，以预测第三代子女童年早期和后期的攻击行为。鉴于攻击性行为和行为控制不足在酒精中毒病因学中的重要性，本研究的目的是构建一个家庭成员间代际攻击行为和酒精中毒的统计模型。
参与者是一个基于人群的样本，包括186名酗酒者的年轻儿子及其亲生父母，以及120个非物质滥用家庭及其从同一社区抽取的年龄匹配的儿子。在基线期和基线期后6年收集了大量家庭数据。结构方程模型评估了祖辈和父辈预测因子与儿子在3至5岁和9至11岁时童年攻击行为之间的回顾性和前瞻性关系。
最终模型显示，祖辈的婚姻攻击行为可预测父辈反社会行为的发展，而父辈反社会行为又可预测父辈的酒精使用障碍和婚姻攻击行为，并部分介导了儿子在学龄前的攻击行为水平。在6年的时间间隔内，家庭中儿童攻击行为水平、父辈酒精使用障碍和婚姻攻击行为存在显著的自身稳定性。婚姻攻击行为是儿子学龄前攻击行为更重要的预测因子；在9至11岁时，父母对孩子的直接攻击行为更为重要。3至5岁时的儿童攻击行为也是9至11岁时亲子攻击行为水平的部分中介因素。
结果表明攻击行为在三代人之间具有连续性，同时也表明儿童日后患酒精使用障碍风险的途径并非仅由父母的酒精使用障碍介导，而是由家庭功能的其他共病方面，特别是攻击行为所导致。
