Sethi Vani, Kashyap Sushma, Seth Veenu
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2003 Jun;70(6):463-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02723133.
To assess current infant feeding practices (IFP) in a relocated slum, to identity the lacunae, to outline, implement, and evaluate the gain in awareness and IFP followed by mothers.
Thirty-five mothers of infants aged 5-19 months were interviewed. Based on lacunae, Nutrition Education (NE) was imparted to mothers over two months. Tools used were individual counseling, participatory learning methods, positive deviance and early adopters approach aided with existing information education communication materials. Monthly weight and length of infants was also taken. Awareness and practices on infant feeding (IF) were reviewed at mid and post NE.
Areas of concern at baseline were (i) discarding colostrum (77.0%), (ii) feeding prelacteals (80.0%), (iii) initiation of breast-feeding (BF) after 3 days (54.3%), (iv) absence of exclusive breast-feeding (86.3%), (v) delayed complementary feeding (CF) and (vi) feeding CF grossly inadequate in quality, quantity, frequency and consistency. Post NE results revealed an improved awareness about IF amongst the mothers. An improvement was seen in variety, quantity and consistency of CF fed. Active feeding behaviours were adopted (6.6% pre-NE vs 66.6% post-NE). Early adopters (24%) served as motivators. Weight for age and weight for length showed improvement.
NE programs of shorter duration using a 'communication mix' of channels with repeated reinforcement can bring about improvement not only in awareness but also in IFP.
评估一个搬迁贫民窟中当前的婴儿喂养方式（IFP），找出其中的不足，概述、实施并评估母亲们在意识和IFP方面的提升。
对35名5至19个月大婴儿的母亲进行了访谈。根据不足之处，在两个月的时间里对母亲们进行了营养教育（NE）。使用的工具包括个别咨询、参与式学习方法、积极偏差和早期采用者方法，并辅以现有的信息教育传播材料。还测量了婴儿每月的体重和身长。在NE过程中和结束后，对婴儿喂养（IF）的意识和做法进行了评估。
基线时令人担忧的领域包括：（i）丢弃初乳（77.0%），（ii）喂哺开奶前食物（80.0%），（iii）3天后开始母乳喂养（BF）（54.3%），（iv）缺乏纯母乳喂养（86.3%），（v）辅食添加延迟（CF），以及（vi）辅食在质量、数量、频率和稠度方面严重不足。NE结束后的结果显示，母亲们对IF的认识有所提高。辅食在种类、数量和稠度方面有所改善。母亲们采用了积极的喂养行为（NE前为6.6%，NE后为66.6%）。早期采用者（24%）起到了激励作用。年龄别体重和身长别体重均有所改善。
使用多种渠道“传播组合”并反复强化的短期NE项目不仅可以提高意识，还可以改善IFP。
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