Tichý J
Neurologická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha.
Cas Lek Cesk. 2003;142(6):331-4.
The body scheme is a complex of memory patterns secured in the structures of the brain, where the parietal lobes play the most important role. Basic principles are given by the genetic programming of the structure and function along with the synthesis of information brought by means of sensory activity. The unitary perception of the body scheme is a dynamic image, enabling conscious and unconscious representation of our body, its parts, their functions, position, shape and/or movements. The recognition of the body scheme in humans is named somatognosia. Disorders of somatognosia include visceral and somatic phantom, phantom pain and other disorders related to the capability of communication by means of language: autotopoagnosia, hemiasomatognosia, pain asymboly, anosognosia of hemiplegia, anosognosia of blindness, deafness, neglect and other defects appearing at the neurologist's and psychiatrist's borderline of interest. Interest in the visceral phantom is usually much smaller than that in the phantom limb. The aim of this paper was to draw the to phantom phenomena in patients following rectum amputation and colostomy. A survey of contemporary knowledge about the body scheme and its disorders, cortical plasticity and the problem of cortical maladaptation are presented.
身体图式是保存在大脑结构中的记忆模式复合体，其中顶叶起着最重要的作用。其基本原理由结构和功能的基因编程以及通过感觉活动带来的信息合成给出。身体图式的统一感知是一种动态图像，能够对我们的身体、其各个部分、它们的功能、位置、形状和/或运动进行有意识和无意识的表征。人类对身体图式的认知被称为自体认识不能。自体认识不能障碍包括内脏和躯体幻觉、幻痛以及其他与语言交流能力相关的障碍：自体部位失认症、偏侧身体失认症、疼痛失认症、偏瘫失认症、失明失认症、失聪失认症、忽视以及出现在神经科医生和精神科医生关注边缘的其他缺陷。对内脏幻觉的关注通常远小于对幻肢的关注。本文的目的是引出直肠切除和结肠造口术后患者的幻觉现象。本文还介绍了关于身体图式及其障碍、皮质可塑性和皮质适应不良问题的当代知识概况。
