Sicard Bruno, Taillemite Jean Pierre, Jouve Elisabeth, Blin Olivier
Centre d'Expertise Médicale du Personnel Navigant de Toulon, France.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2003 Aug;74(8):879-81.
Flight safety is dependent on the quality of the decision-making process, which is closely related to risk taking. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate risk propensity among commercial and military pilots.
Since commercial and military flights are conducted in different environments with different safety policies, our hypothesis was that risk propensity levels observed in these different settings will not be the same.
We tested 96 French pilots, 63 who were flying commercial aircraft (mean age 43 yr) and 33 serving in military aviation (mean age 33 yr), with the Evaluation of Risk (EVAR) visual analog scale, designed to rate risk proneness, and the Barrat impulsiveness scale. EVAR is composed of 24 items distributed among 5 factors: "self-control," "danger-seeking," "energy," "impulsiveness," and "invincibility."
We observed significantly higher scores in all EVAR factors except "impulsiveness" in military pilots compared with commercial pilots. This different risk profile was corroborated by Barrat scores and was not explained by the significant age difference.
The observed difference in risk propensity cannot be explained by this descriptive study. A prospective evaluation of risk proneness beginning with the selection process and continuing through training and military and commercial flying is necessary to assess how a risk proneness profile is determined.
飞行安全取决于决策过程的质量，而决策过程与冒险行为密切相关。本描述性研究的目的是评估商业飞行员和军事飞行员的风险倾向。
由于商业飞行和军事飞行在不同环境中进行，且安全政策不同，我们的假设是在这些不同环境中观察到的风险倾向水平不会相同。
我们使用旨在评估风险倾向的风险评估（EVAR）视觉模拟量表和巴拉特冲动性量表对96名法国飞行员进行了测试，其中63名驾驶商用飞机（平均年龄43岁），33名服役于军事航空领域（平均年龄33岁）。EVAR由24个项目组成，分布在5个因素中：“自我控制”“寻求危险”“活力”“冲动性”和“无敌感”。
我们观察到，与商业飞行员相比，军事飞行员在除“冲动性”之外的所有EVAR因素上得分均显著更高。巴拉特分数证实了这种不同的风险特征，且年龄差异显著并不能解释这一现象。
本描述性研究无法解释观察到的风险倾向差异。有必要从选拔过程开始，贯穿培训以及军事和商业飞行，对风险倾向进行前瞻性评估，以评估风险倾向特征是如何确定的。
