Ndiaye Cheikh A T, Delaunay Valérie, Adjamagbo Agnès
IEDUB, Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux I, Avenue Léon Duguit, 33608 Pessac, France.
Sante. 2003 Jan-Mar;13(1):31-7.
This paper presents results from a retrospective survey carried out in a rural setting in Senegal (on 804 20-to-69-year-old men and 1,039 15-to-54-year-old women), and aims at improving the understanding of contraceptive knowledge and practice. Contraceptive knowledge was measured through spontaneous and recognized contraceptive methods; contraceptive practice was measured through the past and present use of contraception. The gap between spontaneously-cited methods and recognized methods is important. While about 80% of men and 70% of women had ever heard about any contraceptive method, only 46% of men and 23% of women could spontaneously mention a specific contraceptive method (respectively 33% and 17% mentioned a modern method). Analyses have shown that individual characteristics such as age, education, migration are all determinants of contraceptive knowledge. Married men and women are more likely to know about methods such as the pill, intra-uterine device (IUD) and injections, as a result of family planning campaigns, which have focused on these methods and targeted married women. Nevertheless, contraceptive practice is still low. Only 16% of men and 4% of women have ever used any method. Contraceptive prevalence (current use) of women is only 1.9% for all methods and 1.5% for modern methods. The more widespread use of condoms by young men (about 30% of single men have ever used a condom, against only 7% of ever married men) reflects its recent diffusion associated with a decrease in male age at first intercourse. The low contraceptive use by women reveals their lack of accessibility to contraception. Young generations are not able to find an adequate answer to their needs in the villages, where family planning still targets marital contraception. Recommendations are formulated in order to integrate adolescents more fully in policy programs.
本文展示了在塞内加尔农村地区开展的一项回顾性调查结果（涉及804名20至69岁男性和1039名15至54岁女性），旨在增进对避孕知识与实践的了解。避孕知识通过自发提及和已知的避孕方法来衡量；避孕实践通过过去和目前的避孕使用情况来衡量。自发提及的方法与已知方法之间的差距很大。虽然约80%的男性和70%的女性听说过任何避孕方法，但只有46%的男性和23%的女性能够自发提及一种具体的避孕方法（分别有33%和17%提到了现代方法）。分析表明，年龄、教育程度、迁移等个人特征都是避孕知识的决定因素。由于计划生育运动侧重于口服避孕药、宫内节育器（IUD）和注射等方法并以已婚妇女为目标对象，已婚男性和女性更有可能了解这些方法。然而，避孕实践率仍然很低。只有16%的男性和4%的女性曾经使用过任何避孕方法。所有方法的女性避孕普及率（目前使用情况）仅为1.9%，现代方法为1.5%。年轻男性中避孕套的使用更为普遍（约30%的单身男性曾经使用过避孕套，而已婚男性中这一比例仅为7%），这反映出它的近期普及与首次性交时男性年龄的降低有关。女性避孕使用率低表明她们难以获得避孕措施。年轻一代在农村地区无法找到满足自身需求的适当办法，因为那里的计划生育仍然以婚内避孕为目标。文中还提出了相关建议，以便使青少年更充分地融入政策项目。
