Hammarlund Erika, Lewis Matthew W, Hansen Scott G, Strelow Lisa I, Nelson Jay A, Sexton Gary J, Hanifin Jon M, Slifka Mark K
Oregon Health & Science University Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.
Nat Med. 2003 Sep;9(9):1131-7. doi: 10.1038/nm917. Epub 2003 Aug 17.
Although naturally occurring smallpox was eliminated through the efforts of the World Health Organization Global Eradication Program, it remains possible that smallpox could be intentionally released. Here we examine the magnitude and duration of antiviral immunity induced by one or more smallpox vaccinations. We found that more than 90% of volunteers vaccinated 25-75 years ago still maintain substantial humoral or cellular immunity (or both) against vaccinia, the virus used to vaccinate against smallpox. Antiviral antibody responses remained stable between 1-75 years after vaccination, whereas antiviral T-cell responses declined slowly, with a half-life of 8-15 years. If these levels of immunity are considered to be at least partially protective, then the morbidity and mortality associated with an intentional smallpox outbreak would be substantially reduced because of pre-existing immunity in a large number of previously vaccinated individuals.
虽然通过世界卫生组织全球根除计划的努力，自然发生的天花已被消灭，但天花仍有可能被故意释放。在这里，我们研究了一次或多次天花疫苗接种所诱导的抗病毒免疫的强度和持续时间。我们发现，25至75年前接种疫苗的志愿者中，超过90% 仍然对用于预防天花的痘苗病毒保持着强大的体液免疫或细胞免疫（或两者兼有）。接种疫苗后1至75年间，抗病毒抗体反应保持稳定，而抗病毒T细胞反应缓慢下降，半衰期为8至15年。如果这些免疫水平被认为至少具有部分保护作用，那么由于大量先前接种过疫苗的个体中存在预先免疫，与故意天花爆发相关的发病率和死亡率将大幅降低。
