González P, Florido F, Sáenz de San Pedro B, de la Torre F, Rico P, Martín S
Unidad de Alergia, Hospital General Ciudad de Jaén, Spain.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002;12(4):263-71.
Sensitization to olive pollen is a frequent cause of rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) and bronchial asthma (BA) in the region of Jaén (southern Spain), where this allergen reaches atmospheric levels of almost 7000 grains/m3 during pollen season (May and June) and produces high morbidity. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) has proven very efficient in allergic RC and BA caused by grass pollen. Considering the availability of a biologically standardized extract of Olea europaea, with its major allergen quantified in mass units, we decided to investigate SIT with this extract in a group of rhinitic and/or asthmatic patients monosensitized to olive. We studied tolerance, safety, and efficacy by comparison of the active group (subjected to SIT) with a control group that did not receive SIT. A hyposensitizing dose of Olea europaea extract was administered preseasonally, establishing a maintenance dose 3.8 times higher than those administered in conventional treatments. Eighty-three percent of the patients reached the proposed maximal dose of 75 BU, equivalent to 45 micrograms Ole e 1, with a rate of 0.8% of systemic reactions. A significant decrease in cutaneous (p < 0.001) and bronchial (p < 0.001) reactivity was observed in the active group, but not in the control group. Also, a decrease in specific IgE and an increase in IgG1 and IgG4 were found in the group of patients treated with SIT. Regarding clinical evolution, the active group, but not the control group, experienced a clear statistically significant improvement both in nasal (p < 0.05) and bronchial (p < 0.05) symptoms, in addition to a significant decrease in the consumption of antihistamines (p < 0.05) and beta 2-agonists (p < 0.01). In conclusion, SIT with olive extract proved to be safe and efficacious for the treatment of asthma and rhinitis caused by this allergen.
在哈恩地区（西班牙南部），对橄榄花粉过敏是 rhinoconjunctivitis（RC，变应性鼻炎结膜炎）和支气管哮喘（BA）的常见病因，在花粉季节（5月和6月）该过敏原在大气中的浓度几乎达到7000粒/立方米，并导致高发病率。特异性免疫疗法（SIT）已被证明对由草花粉引起的变应性RC和BA非常有效。考虑到有生物标准化的油橄榄提取物，其主要过敏原已按质量单位定量，我们决定在一组对橄榄单敏的鼻炎和/或哮喘患者中研究用该提取物进行SIT。通过将活性组（接受SIT）与未接受SIT的对照组进行比较，我们研究了耐受性、安全性和疗效。在花粉季节前给予低致敏剂量的油橄榄提取物，确定维持剂量比传统治疗中使用的剂量高3.8倍。83%的患者达到了建议的最大剂量75 BU，相当于45微克Ole e 1，全身反应发生率为0.8%。活性组的皮肤（p < 0.001）和支气管（p < 0.001）反应性显著降低，而对照组未出现这种情况。此外，接受SIT治疗的患者组中特异性IgE降低，IgG1和IgG4升高。关于临床进展，活性组而非对照组在鼻部（p < 0.05）和支气管（p < 0.05）症状方面有明显的统计学显著改善，此外抗组胺药（p < 0.05）和β2激动剂的使用量也显著减少（p < 0.01）。总之，用橄榄提取物进行SIT被证明对治疗由该过敏原引起的哮喘和鼻炎是安全有效的。
